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[Climate Change] Let’s look at the CO2 record from a bit further back in time to provide more context. We can see that there are natural cycles in CO2 on a ~100,000 year cycle. These coincide with the glacial/interglacial cycle. On the image, select the parts of the historical record where you would expect glaciations to occur.

[Climate Change] Greenhouse gases are atmospheric gases that affect the Earth’s temperature by absorbing infrared radiation. Combustion of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions are one of the primary drivers of the warming trend we have identified in Earth’s climate. From the list of gases below, select the gases that are considered greenhouse gases.

[Climate Change] The harvesting of trees for wood and paper resources is a necessary part of our current lifestyle. However, deforestation has become a significant problem, especially when we consider the vast tracks of land cleared in the Amazon as part of slash-and-burn agriculture. These satellite images highlight areas that have undergone deforestation near Ariquemes, Brazil. Which of the following environmental conditions are the result of deforestation?

[Planetary Geology] The geological principle of cross-cutting relationships states that younger events or features will cross-cut older ones. This principle allows us to decipher the order of geologic events, which will contribute to our understanding of the geological history of a specific area or outcrop that we’re trying to decipher. Let’s look again at the surface of the Moon to see how this works. This video is from near the landing site of Apollo 15. It shows where a crater and a rille (collapsed lava tube) have interacted. Click here to open the video with closed captions in a new window. Below is a still image of a crater and rille from the video. Can you determine which is younger?

[Planetary Geology] Matter within the Universe exists primarily in solid, liquid, or gas states. These states have different characteristics. Drag each characteristic to the picture of the phase that it best describes.

[Climate Change] The Earth is constantly experiencing change. Some of the changes are cyclic, meaning that there is evidence of the change occurring multiple times in the Earth’s history. Other changes are unidirectional, meaning that the change does not repeat. Sort the changes shown below based on whether they are cyclic or unidirectional.  

[Climate Change] Using the tools mentioned in the previous question and through direct sampling, climatologists have directly measured atmospheric CO2 over the past 60 years. Notice the annual oscillations of carbon dioxide. What causes this repetitive change?

[Climate Change] The image below shows a model prediction of future global temperature increases. Based on the image, which is predicted to warm more, the oceans or the continents?

​The burden of proof is actually two burdens: the burden of _____ and the burden of _____.

The prosecution has to prove the defendant’s guilt _____.​