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[BLANK-1] was a large group of protestors who marched on Washington D.C. in 1894 to demand that the government create new jobs for the large group of unemployed. In what became a continual pattern in the 1890s, federal troops were used to disperse the protestors (as they would later be used to disperse striking workers while protecting capitalist owners). The Populist Party used the outrage engendered by the treatment of these protestors to attract more workers and common people to their cause.

[BLANK-1] was a congressman and key figure of Radical Republicanism during Reconstruction. He was an idealist who believed in racial equality and pushed forward many advancements for African Americans during this period. There were limits to his efforts, however, as his land redistribution bill failed to come to a vote in congress.

At a massacre known as [BLANK-1], around 300 Native Americans were killed in their encampment by U.S. troops on December 29, 1890. The Native Americans were part of a non-violent, spiritual movement known as the Ghost Dancers. This massacre essentially signaled the end of large-scale Native American resistance in the United States.

Like European imperial powers before them, the United States justified its imperial expansion by claiming a commitment to [BLANK-1]. Proponents of empire argued that it was America’s duty to spread its culture (including language, religion, education, railways, hygiene, legal principles, etc.) to less advanced areas.

[BLANK-1] was founded in 1896 and pushed for an expansion of suffrage.

President Ulysses S. Grant used all the powers of the federal government to protect black citizens during Reconstruction and to prosecute those who used violence against newly freed slaves. Grant’s campaign against perpetrators of violence against blacks nearly eradicated hate groups like the White Lotus League and the KKK. However, with [BLANK-1], the judicial branch overturned most of the arrests made under the Enforcement Acts and freed those arrested by federal officers (including those who had murdered multiple people). Deprived of the ability to federally enforce protection of blacks, Grant and his successors were unable to effectively prevent the waves of violence and intimidation against blacks in the south following the end of Reconstruction

Instructions: Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability.Choose ONE (1) of the following options:How did the rapid construction of railroads in the United States change American society?  What were the far-reaching effects of rail building between 1850 and 1930 (consider aspects such as the economy, technology and innovation, the environment, labor, and migration)?  What enabled the United States to build rails and industrialize so quickly and efficiently?In what ways did Native Americans seek to resist policies of Indian Removal and unjust treatment by the United States’ government during the latter half of the nineteenth century?  What specific disagreements did Native Americans have with the United States?  Identify key Native American resistance leaders and explain their tactics.  What event or events ultimately ended most serious forms of Native American resistance?Why do historians refer to the last quarter of the nineteenth century as the Gilded Age? In what ways did both the American economy and American politics outwardly appear healthy? How would a less-superficial examination of the economy and politics of the United States reveal more-serious flaws?

Modern art during the Age of Anxiety turned increasingly abstract and non-representational. [BLANK-1] was a German-born artist who thrived during the Weimar Republic. He was heavily influenced by the horrors of World War I. His art was provocative, emotionally disturbing, and harshly satirical. In “Trench Warfare” (1923) he painted a landscape devoid of vegetation and ruined by the constant artillery shelling of the war. A ghastly grim reaper reaches his hand across the battlefield and a soldier wrapped in barbed wire rests with a gasmask on. His art was labeled “Degenerate Art” by Hitler and was banned. Some of his paintings were included in the Munich Degenerate Art Exhibition of 1937. He was arrested by the Gestapo and later forced into military service for the Nazis during the last months of WWII before being captured by the French and living out the rest of his life peacefully in post-Nazi Germany.

The Allied Invasion of Italy began in late-summer 1943 with [BLANK-1]. The amphibious invasion was successful, however, Allied troops’ advance stalled in mainland Italy.

Founded in Chicago in 1889 by Jane Addams as part of a wave of progressive middle-class reform efforts, [BLANK-1] offered mostly immigrant women child care, kindergartens, administered classes for parents, and held cultural events for the community. It worked to alleviate the conditions caused by urban poverty and industrialization.