What is the effect of surface tension forces in the air-fill…

What is the effect of surface tension forces in the air-filled lung? 1. It increases the elastic recoil of the lung, promoting collapse. (increases elastance) 2. It makes the lung harder to inflate than if it were filled with fluid. (decreases compliance) 3. It decreases the lung’s elasticity as volume increases. (decreases elastance)

If a patient who generates an intrapleural pressure of -4 mm…

If a patient who generates an intrapleural pressure of -4 mmHg to inhale 450 mL experiences inflammation and bronchospasm that reduce the radius of the bronchial airways to one-half of their original size, what pressure must the patient generate to inhale the same tidal volume?