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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacteria that normally lives in the human large intestines, but does not cause disease. However, if E. coli enters into the urethra, where it does not normally colonize, this commensal bacteria will cause a/an _________ infection.

A Halophile can tolerate ________________.

Cell A has 3% potassium and is connected to cell B which has 15% potassium.  The two cells are connected by a potassium ATPase that is pumping the solute across the cell membrane. Match the correct answers below.

______________ are comprised on microtubules and facilitate bacterial phototaxis or chemotaxis.

Identify the ways in which eukaryotic cells increase genetic diversity (select all).

How would you grow a pyscrophillic facultative anaerobe that is a halophile? (select all conditions that apply to allow growth)

Which of the following will reduce the length of time required to sterilize a microbial culture in an autoclave? (select all that apply)

Koch’s postulates are used to determine whether an infectious agent causes a specific disease. Correctly order the postulates below. 

Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are:

What is true about exotoxins? (select all that apply)