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The charter of the Bank of the United States was not renewed in 1811 in part because ​   a.  Thomas Jefferson, who was president at the time, believed it to be unconstitutional.   b.  of years of general instability in the value of currency.   c.  of instability and uncertainty in the expansion of credit.   d.  of fears of foreign ownership and manipulation.

In U.S. v. Addyston Pipe and Steel Company (1898), the Supreme Court ruled that   a.  horizontal mergers were a violation of the Sherman Act.   b.  vertical mergers were a violation of the Sherman Act.   c.  collusive agreements among competing firms were a violation of the Sherman Act.   d.  mergers that created “corporate monoliths” were a violation of the Sherman Act.

The considerable rise of manufacturing in the last half of the 19th century has become known as   a.  the Great Leap Forward.   b.  the Industrial Revolution.   c.  the Second Industrial Revolution.   d.  the Ascendancy of Manufactures.

The sharp decline in domestic freight costs during the antebellum period was primarily due to the introduction of   a.  railroads.   b.  paved roads.   c.  clipper ships.   d.  canals and steamboats.

What was the most immediate impact of introducing the horse to the plains Indians?    a.  A decrease in the amount of agricultural work the Indians did.   b.  A large increase in the size of hunting groups.    c.  More intensive and more efficient use of animal carcasses.    d.  More time was spent in fixed locations.

The Grangers are noted for   a.  encouraging the federal government to re-issue “greenbacks.”   b.  establishing cooperatives that sold farm and consumer goods to their members.   c.  refusing to sell grain to foreign countries.   d.  forming a cartel that set upper limits on members’ output of basic farm products.

Compared to the 1850s, the annual rate of growth of commodity output during the Civil War   a.  held constant from the previous decade.   b.  increased by roughly 25 percent.   c.  fell by more than 50 percent.   d.  None of the above is correct.

U.S. cotton production   a.  remained concentrated in Georgia and South Carolina until after 1860.   b.  was unable to compete with wool production in the antebellum textile industry.   c.  accounted for more than half of the dollar value of US exports between 1800 and 1850.   d.  faced declining world demand for most of the antebellum period.

Eli Whitney is most noted for   a.  inventing the steam engine.   b.  inventing the cotton gin.   c.  inventing the technology for the first railroad engine.   d.  developing the Erie Canal.

What Supreme Court case ruled separate education for blacks and whites was constitutional provided that it was equal?   a.  Plessy vs. Ferguson   b.  Munn vs. Illinois   c.  The Dred Scott Case   d.  Brown vs. Board of Education