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A 6-year-old male diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces. This condition would be graded: 

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract? 

What term is used to describe a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI)?

A 7-year-old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which sign would support this diagnosis?

Which finding is associated with a male infant born with exstrophy of the bladder? 

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by: 

A 30-year-old male is diagnosed with neurogenic bladder. The healthcare provider is reviewing the medical history to identify potential causes. Which of the following conditions is a common cause of neurogenic bladder in this age group? 

A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur? 

Which of the following signs is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer? 

A newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis, usually occurring during crying or after feeding. Which cardiac diagnosis does this history support?