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A patient is sent for an echocardiogram to rule out aortic stenosis. The image below is the patient’s aortic valve velocity. Estimate the max pressure gradient. 

Click the pleural effusion.

_________________________ causes leaflet thickening, scarring, calcification, and fusion of the chordae tendinae to the commisures. 

Vegetations typically attach on ___________________. 

Which valve lies the closest to the apex of the heart?

Is it more common to see cardiac remodeling in female athletes or male athletes?

Because of where they attach, myxomas do not affect diastolic filling and valve closure. 

Click the area that represents E prime using the first heart cycle. 

This tumor causes ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Click the strip that shows ventricular tachycardia.