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Bonus question 2 * Ref: Google’s Nano banana Pro   Assume a counterfactual framework. A student plans to start a new business developing AI-enabled smart glasses designed to assist drivers. The glasses provide real-time AI voice support, including navigation assistance, weather alerts, and warnings about potential driving hazards. The student seeks to evaluate the effect of using AI glasses on driving safety. Conducting controlled experiments with drivers is infeasible due to budget limitations and ethical concerns. Instead, the student assembles observational panel data from multiple U.S. states. Some states permit the use of AI glasses while driving, whereas others prohibit it. The dataset spans periods before and after the legalization of AI glasses in each state. The student compares changes in driving safety outcomes across states over time, implicitly constructing counterfactual outcomes for treated states using untreated states as a comparison group. To estimate the effect of AI glasses on driving safety, the student should use(1) ____________________ (A. causal inference or B. prediction). The experimental design described above is best characterized as a(2)____________________ (A. randomized controlled trial or B. quasi-experiment). After completing the analysis, the student finds evidence that the use of AI glasses improves driving safety in the observed sample. Building on this result, the student plans to enhance the product by adding a new AI feature that forecasts the real-time probability of a traffic accident. If the forecasted probability exceeds a predefined threshold, the glasses issue an immediate warning to the driver. This new feature is based on(3)____________________ (A. causal inference or B. prediction). Overall, because the study relies on real-world data and counterfactual reasoning rather than abstract theoretical modeling, this project is an example of a(4)____________________ (A. empirical or B. theoretical) study.

The Cre/LoxP system would be the best choice for deleting a gene in which of the following studies in mice?

The chick forelimb shown above is likely most likely the result of:

Bonus question 1 The “Nash Equilibrium (NE)”, named after Nash (1950) builds on the notion that every player finds her “best response” to each of her rivals’ strategies. Nash equilibrium (NE). A strategy profile is a NE if every player chooses a best response to her rivals’ strategies. Consider a two-player simultaneous-move game represented by a payoff matrix. The players are Firm 1 and Firm 2, who independently and simultaneously choose between two technologies, technology A (environmentally friendly) and technology B (conventional, polluting). The payoff matrix lists outcomes for each possible combination of technology choices. Each cell of the matrix reports the payoff pair as follows: (the payoff to Firm 1 under the corresponding strategy profile, the payoff to Firm 2 under the corresponding strategy profile​) Please provide the strategic profile of the Nash Equilibrium (NE) _____________ Hint: In this game, there is only one NE. Hint:  We refer to a “game” every time we consider a scenario in which the action of one agent (either individual, firm, or government) affect other agents’ well-being. Elements of game: Player: The set of individuals, firms, government or countries, that interact with one another. We consider games with 2 or more players. Strategy: A complete plan describing which actions a player chooses in each possible situation (contingency). Payoff: What every player obtains under each possible strategy path

The Axolotl limb diagrammed above uses numbers to represent identity of different sections along the proximal-distal axis. What would happen it the limb was amputated just distal to the stylopod, and the blastema that formed was soaked in Retinoic Acid (RA) and then allowed to regenerate?

The social theory that focuses on how individuals use shared symbols and construct society through everyday interactions is called ________________________. Type in the Word(s) that should go in the missing blank.

Laud Humphrey’s Tearoom Trade is an example of research with several ethical issues. 

A car license plate in the state of Minnconsin (not a real state!) consists of any 3 letters followed by any 4 numbers, such as TBD6528. Repetition of the letters and numbers is allowed in a license plate. (a) (10 pts) Determine the total number for the possible values of Minnconsin license plate; you do not need to simplify your answer. You MUST use the Counting Principle, and show all details. (b) (5 pts) Assuming that all possible car license plate values in Minnconsin are equally likely, how much information do you get by learning the value of your new Minnconsin license plate? (c) (5 pts) If instead, some Minnconsin license plate values are less likely than others, how would this change the answer to the question above?  

public class Word : IComparable{ public string plainWord; public double probability; public string codeWord; public Word(string thePlainWord, double theProbability, string theCodeWord) { plainWord = thePlainWord; probability = theProbability; codeWord = theCodeWord; } public int CompareTo(Word otherWord) { …… }}———————————————————————————————public class RootedBinaryTree : IComparable where T : IComparable{private class Node { public T nodeData; public Node leftChild; public Node rightChild; public Node parent; }; private Node root; private Node currentPosition; public int CompareTo(RootedBinaryTree otherTree) { …… } public RootedBinaryTree(T rootData) { …… } public void toRoot() { …… } public bool moveLeft() { …… } public bool moveRight() { …… } public bool moveUp() { …… } public T getData() { …… } public void combineTrees(RootedBinaryTree leftTree, RootedBinaryTree rightTree) { …… } public void setNodeData(T nodeData) { …… }} As a consumer of the  class from Lab 4, write a

For the problems in this exercise, the breakdown of executed instructions is as follows:   add addi nor beq lw j-type(jr/jal) sw 20% 15% 15% 20% 10% 5% 15% (a) (1 points) In what overall fraction is the data memory used? [Ans1] (b) (1 points)  In what overall fraction is the instruction memory used? [Ans2] (c) (1 points) In what overall fraction is the program counter (PC) used? [Ans3] (d) (1 points) In what overall fraction is the ALU/adder used? [Ans4] (e) (1 points)  In what overall fraction is the sign extension unit used? [Ans5] Just provide the percentage as a whole number – donot need to add the percentage sign