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A long line of volcanoes connects on the ocean floor (see the volcanoes map). Inspect sample 4, taken from a spot along this line, to better understand what is happening at this location: Visual Description The lava is is bluish and dimly lit, indicating it is underwater. The lava appears as a cluster of rounded, bulbous, pillow-shaped masses stacked and pressed against each other. Each “pillow” is several tens of centimetres to over a metre across, and their surfaces are gently curved and slightly wrinkled. The colour of the lava is muted purple-brown to dark grey, with fine crack-like patterns across the surfaces, formed as the hot lava cooled rapidly in contact with seawater. The pillows overlap and pile up, forming a lumpy, organic-looking structure on the seafloor.   Above: Image of rock in the environment Above: Image of rock sample taken from location Visual Description The image nce favoring female musicians for some instruments like the harp, while instruments like the tuba and percussion are predominantly male.

At the base of the sequence you find a rock (sample 9). It feels like coarse sandpaper against your fingers. Inspect sample 9 further. Visual Description The rock is tan to sandy beige in colour and has a clearly granular, sandy texture, with tiny visible grains across its surface. The grains appear uniform in size and well sorted, giving the rock a relatively even appearance. Across the face of the rock are several subtle, wavy, parallel lines that run roughly horizontally from left to right. These lines are slightly darker or more shadowed than the surrounding surface and appear as gentle ripples or laminae, suggesting internal layering or sedimentary structures such as ripple marks or cross-bedding. The surface is matte and slightly rough, with no visible crystals or shiny minerals. The rock appears moderately compact but still shows individual sand grains, especially near the edges. The green ruler beneath the rock shows centimeter markings, indicating that the rock is roughly several centimeters long, providing a sense of scale.

Inspect the following image. Based on what you know, is this an accurate representation of the planet’s current plate boundaries? Consider the location of the boundaries and the type of boundaries illustrated. Consult the relevant maps at the start and your answers to the previous questions. Visual Description A simplified, schematic tectonic map titled “Fault Map / Tectonic Plate Boundaries” displayed on a pale blue background. The landmasses are shown in white, with irregular coastlines, and the surrounding areas represent ocean. At the top center of the image is the title in bold black text. In the upper right corner is a legend with three coloured line types: A green line labelled divergent, A brown line labelled convergent, A blue line labelled transform. These coloured lines trace different kinds of tectonic plate boundaries across and around the landmasses. The central landmass is large and irregular, with smaller islands scattered around it. Several plate boundaries cross both land and ocean: Green divergent boundaries run along parts of the southern margin of the main landmass and through some oceanic areas. Small black arrows on either side of these green lines point away from the line, indicating plates moving apart. Brown convergent boundaries cut through parts of the western and northern portions of the map and also appear on the eastern side. Along these lines, pairs of small black arrows point toward each other, showing plates moving together. Blue transform boundaries appear mostly in the ocean and along some continental margins, shown as long, straight or gently curving blue lines. Black arrows on either side point in opposite horizontal directions, indicating lateral sliding motion. Throughout the map, small black arrows next to the coloured lines indicate the relative motion of the plates. Some arrows point toward a boundary, some away, and some parallel, depending on the boundary type.  

The image below illustrates one of the structures in which sample X is exposed (part of the Sundance formation). Using this data with the maps you already have, what process exposed these layers? Note: On the key, the Madison Formation is the oldest, and the Mowry Formation is the youngest.  Visual Description The geologic map is overlain on a satellite or shaded-relief base image, showing the distribution of rock formations across a folded structure in a mountainous or hilly landscape. The map is tilted slightly and framed by white margins, with geographic coordinates visible along the edges. The background is a grey, textured aerial image showing ridges, valleys, and drainage patterns. On top of this is a coloured, semi-transparent geological overlay bounded by a black polygon, representing the mapped area. Within this area, elongated coloured bands curve smoothly, forming a lens-shaped, symmetrical pattern typical of a large fold. The coloured bands run roughly from the upper left to the lower right of the mapped area. They are arranged in parallel, nested strips that narrow toward both ends, indicating that the rock units are folded into a broad, elongated structure. The fold appears to be a plunging anticline or syncline, with layers wrapping around a central axis. Each coloured band represents a different geologic formation, with labels printed directly on the map such as Kmr, Kt, Kcl, Jm, Js, Jgs, TRc, Pp, Pt, and Pa. These correspond to units listed in the legend. Small white numbers are scattered across the bands, representing structural measurements such as bedding dip angles, showing values like 25, 30, 35, 40, 67, and 74 degrees. Thin black lines with arrows show the orientation and direction of geological structures, such as fold axes or bedding strike and dip. Legend: In the lower left corner is a legend with coloured boxes and formation names: Mowry Formation (Kmr) – green Thermopolis Formation (Kt) – light green Cloverly Formation (Kcl) – reddish-brown Morrison Formation (Jm) – peach or light orange Sundance Formation (Js) – yellow Gypsum Springs Formation (Jgs) – light blue Chugwater Formation (TRc) – orange Phosphoria Formation (Pp) – dark blue Tensleep Formation (Pt) – pale cream Amsden Formation (Pa) – light grey-blue Madison Formation (Mm) – very light grey Map elements A north arrow is shown in the upper right corner, pointing upward. A scale bar at the bottom right shows distances in kilometres, with markings at 0, 0.5, and 1 km.  

This unique rock (sample Y) featuring large minerals was found, identically, in each of the mountain ranges as illustrated on the mountain ranges map. Inspect it further to better understand what has happened over time at this location. Visual Description The rock has a coarse-grained, speckled texture. Individual mineral crystals are clearly visible and roughly similar in size, giving the rock a granular, salt-and-pepper appearance with added colour variation. Interspersed throughout are many pink to salmon-coloured mineral crystals, irregular in shape and a few millimetres across. These pink crystals stand out strongly against the lighter matrix and are evenly distributed across the surface. Some crystals appear slightly translucent or glassy, particularly the light grey ones, while the darker grains are matte. The rock surface is rough and uneven, with small pits and protruding mineral grains. Near the top of the rock, written in black marker, is the label “1–5.” This marking sits directly on the rock surface and slightly contrasts with the natural texture.

Based on the answers to your previous questions and the maps above, what feature is most likely found at each of the following map locations? Note: A is right off the continent in the ocean. Visual Description A simplified, schematic map of a fictional world, shown on a pale blue background representing the ocean. The landmasses are light grey with soft, rounded, irregular coastlines and no internal topographic shading. At the center is a large main continent, roughly oval in shape with several broad peninsulas and inlets. This main landmass is labelled with the letter D near its upper central area and the letter F near its lower central area, indicating two different regions or features within the same continent. Surrounding the main continent are several smaller island groups: To the west (left) of the main continent is a cluster of islands. On the southwestern island in this cluster is the label A. Slightly to the east of A, a smaller island is labelled C. Between the western islands and the main continent is a short chain of tiny islets forming a stepping-stone pattern across the water. Near the eastern end of this chain, just off the west coast of the main continent, is the label E. To the south (below) of the main continent is a curved chain of elongated islands forming a loose arc. Within this southern island arc, one island is labelled B. Farther to the south, separated by open ocean, is a larger isolated island or small continent without any letter label. To the east (right) of the main continent are a few scattered small islands, but none of them are labelled.  

A lone volcano rests in the ocean at the head of a seamount chain (see the volcanoes map). Inspect sample 3 taken from this area to better understand what is happening at this location: Above: Image of rock in the environment Visual Description A large basaltic lava formation outdoors. The rock surface is dark grey to black and is patterned with distinct, curved, parallel ridges that radiate outward in sweeping arcs, creating a striking ripple-like or corded appearance across the surface. These curved lines resemble frozen waves or thick ropes of lava and are characteristic of ropy or pāhoehoe lava textures. The ridges are closely spaced and continuous, showing the direction in which the molten lava once flowed before solidifying.   Above: Image of rock sample taken from location Visual Description The rock is dark grey to nearly black, with scattered patches of rusty reddish-brown tones visible inside some cavities. Its most striking feature is its highly porous texture. The entire surface is covered in numerous small to medium-sized holes, or vesicles, giving it a sponge-like appearance. These holes vary in size and shape: some are tiny pinholes, while others are larger, rounded openings several millimetres across. Many of the cavities penetrate into the interior of the rock, creating depth and shadow. The surface appears rough and brittle, with sharp protrusions between the holes. Light reflects slightly off some edges, but overall the rock has a matte finish. The rock’s structure suggests it formed from gas-rich lava that cooled quickly, trapping bubbles inside.

A converging lens has a focal length of 5 cm. An object forms a virtual image, which is located at 12 cm to the right of the lens. The image height is [hi] cm. What is the object height (unit in cm)? Express the answer as a positive quantity. [Hint: is the image distance positive or negative?]  

According to the Buddha, the cause of suffering is 

This assessment has two parts: Part 1 – Paper 1 – NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED Part 2 – Paper 2  – CALCULATOR ACTIVE.   TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIME: 80 minutes Time allowed for printing and reading: 10 minutes Duration of assessment: 60 minutes Time allowed for scanning and uploading: 10 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO ALL STUDENTS Part 1 and Part 2: answer all questions. Answers must be written on the exam paper within the answer boxes provided. Alternatively, answer each question on a separate sheet of lined or blank paper. Remember to include a cover page with your name and the boxes set up for your scores. Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers must be given exactly or correct to three significant figures. A clean copy of the mathematics: analysis and approaches formula booklet is required for this paper. The maximum mark for this assessment is [51 marks].