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Questions 7-10  refer to the passage below. “As soon as thei…

Questions 7-10  refer to the passage below. “As soon as their preparations were complete, they encouraged a subservient ally to declare war against Serbia at forty-eight hours’ notice, knowing full well that a conflict involving the control of the Balkans could not be localized and almost certainly meant a general war.  In order to make doubly sure, they refused every attempt at conciliation and conference until it was too late, and the world war was inevitable for which they had plotted, and for which alone among the nations they were fully equipped and prepared. Germany’s responsibility, however, is not confined to having planned and started the war.  She is no less responsible for the savage and inhuman manner in which it was conducted.  Though Germany was herself a guarantor of Belgium, the ruler of Germany violated, after a solemn promise to respect it, the neutrality of this unoffending people.  Not content with this, they deliberately carried out a series of promiscuous shootings and burnings with the sole object of terrifying the inhabitants into submission by the very frightfulness of their action. They were the first to use poisonous gas, notwithstanding the appalling suffering it entailed.  They began the bombing and long distance shelling of towns for no military object, but solely for the purpose of reducing the morale of their opponents by striking at their women and children.  They commenced the submarine campaign with its piratical challenge to international law, and its destruction of great numbers of innocent passengers and sailors, in mid-ocean, far from succour, at the mercy of the winds and the waves, and the yet more ruthless submarine crews.” — Georges Clemenceau, Letter of Reply to the Objections of the German Peace Delegation regarding the Versailles settlement, May 1919   9.  The ideas expressed in the passage contributed to a peace settlement that led to which of the following?

Questions 40-43 refer to the passage below. “We are motivate…

Questions 40-43 refer to the passage below. “We are motivated by the ideas of the 1917 October Revolution, the ideas of Lenin, the interests of the Soviet people. Moving from suspicion and hostility to confidence, from a “balance of fear” to a balance of reason and goodwill, from narrow nationalist egoism to cooperation—this is what we are urging. And if the Russian word “perestroika” has easily entered the international lexicon, this is due to more than just interest in what is going on in the Soviet Union… We want freedom to reign supreme in the coming century everywhere in the world.” Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika, 1987 41.  The underlying principles of the passage ultimately led to

Questions 48-50 refer to the passage below.  “Unfortunately,…

Questions 48-50 refer to the passage below.  “Unfortunately, Americans focus more on Soviet military hardware than on [Soviets’] limited political prestige. That is responsible for your overestimation of Soviet power, as if power in history is the same asforce of arms! What myopia and short-sightedness. There is more power in rock music, videos, blue jeans, fast food, news networks and TV satellites than in the entire Red Army.” Régis Debray, leftist French philosopher, 1986 49.  The cultural trends referenced by Debray were mostly a result of which of the following?

Questions 20 – 22 refer to the image below. Photo of a unit…

Questions 20 – 22 refer to the image below. Photo of a unit of the Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina (Portuguese Women’s Youth Organization) in front of a monument to Henry the Navigator, Lisbon, late 1930s.    21. The ideology represented in the image had which of the following effects on neighboring Spain?