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Compression-development lengths are considerably longer than tension-development lengths, because some force is transferred to the concrete by the bearing at the end of the bar.

Determine the casting-position modification factor, ψt, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 20 in., five galvanized No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 60 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 4,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

Determine the bar-spacing factor, cb, for a simply supported rectangular beam with b = 24 in. and No. 3 stirrups. This beam has three No. 9 bars as longitudinal reinforcement. The clear cover is 1.9 in.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 14 in., h = 24 in., and d = 21.5 in. It is reinforced with three No. 6 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 9,400 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the cracked moment of inertia, Icr. The neutral axis location of the cracked beam (measured from the top of the beam) is 4.1442 in.

Determine the transverse reinforcement index, Ktr, for a rectangular beam with b = 18 in. and d = 24 in., five galvanized No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 40 stirrups located every 8 in. along the span. Assume 4,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

The development length of a bar is _______.

Determine the casting-position modification factor, ψt, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 24 in., three epoxy-coated No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 10 in. along the span. Assume 6,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

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Determine the bar-spacing factor, cb, for a simply supported rectangular beam with b = 24 in. and No. 3 stirrups. This beam has three No. 7 bars as longitudinal reinforcement. The clear cover is 1.5 in.

Epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement is used to increase corrosion problems.