Noam is helping his dad and sister bake cookies. He has two…

Noam is helping his dad and sister bake cookies. He has two identical balls of dough. When his sister flattens one of the balls, Noam does not get upset. Instead, he declares that the flattened dough will make a bigger cookie! With this exclamation, Noam is demonstrating that he does not yet understand which of the following?

Sharday is a one-year old infant. One day while she was in h…

Sharday is a one-year old infant. One day while she was in her crib, she kicked her leg and was surprised the movement caused her mobile to make a sound like a wind chime. Sharday repeatedly kicked her leg to see if the mobile would chime again. Over time, Sharday refined her ‘kicking’ scheme. According to Piaget, Sharday’s behavior is an example of a: