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A 38-year-old pregnant woman undergoes a routine ultrasound at 26 weeks’ gestation, which reveals fetal findings consistent with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Genetic testing confirms the diagnosis. What is the most common underlying cause of Down syndrome?

Which of the following describes the human microbiome?

Viruses will bind to a receptor on a host cell in the process of binding. As an example the SARS-CoV2 binds to the host receptors and enters the host cells through endocytosis or membrane fusion.

A mother from rural Louisiana brings her 3-year-old son to a pediatrician. Her son is intellectually disabled with developmental delays, and she hopes that genetic testing will help determine the cause of her son’s condition. She had previously been opposed to allowing physicians to treat her son, but his impulsive behavior and learning disabilities are making it difficult to manage his care on her own. On exam, the child has a long, thin face with a large jaw, protruding ears, and macroorchidism. The healthcare provider also notices that the child is very hyperactive and anxious during the physical exam. Which of the following is most likely genetic condition in this individual? 

A 50-year-old male construction worker presents with shortness of breath, anxiety, and palpitations that have been present for 3 hours. He denies chest pain. His blood pressure is 141/78 mmHg, pulse is 140/min, and respirations are 18/min. An EKG demonstrates tachycardia, no discernible p waves and irregularly irregular distribution of the QRS complexes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 78-year-old patient has been newly diagnosed with Atrial Fibrillation and expresses reluctance to begin anticoagulant therapy as recommended by the cardiology APRN. The healthcare provider explains that atrial fibrillation significantly increases the risk of blood clot formation, which can lead to a stroke. The provider further clarifies that the elevated stroke risk in atrial fibrillation is primarily due to which underlying mechanism?

A 75-year-old female has a past medical history of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. She presents to the Primary Care Office complaining of fatigue and worsening shortness of breath on exertion. Physical Exam reveals a diastolic murmur. An echocardiogram reveals backflow of blood into the left ventricle and left sided hypertrophy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Notes from a/an ____________________ are used to create melodies and harmonies.

Which of the following elements of music describes how melody and harmony (and sometimes rhythm) are blended together in music?

Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta.