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Which of the following phrases would indicate that a researcher is making a causal claim?

A researcher conducts a study of the effects of drinking or not drinking coffee on calculus test scores in a group of college students. In this study, the presence or absence of coffee is the __________.

A researcher wants to test whether viewing television violence increases aggressive behavior. He allows his participants to choose whether they would prefer to view a violent or a nonviolent film. He then subsequently records the number of aggressive behaviors they show in a competitive game. The researcher cannot legitimately make a causal statement based on his findings, because his study:

Sheila wants to conduct a study that allows her to make a causal claim. What type of study does she need to use?

Nielsen Media Firms uses its “TV boxes” to record families’ TV habits. Every year, they report the average number of hours families spend watching TV. The most recent report showed that families watch an average of five hours and four minutes of TV per day. This is an example of:

Match each RNA with the corresponding function

What is the primary function of RNA in cells?

How many ATP molecules are directly produced in two turns of the citric acid cycle?

What is the primary function of the electrons added to NAD+ during cellular respiration?

What process make bread dough rise?