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A 16-year-old presents with anxiety. Her mother answers all questions, speaks for the teen, and becomes distressed when the PMHNP asks to talk with the patient alone. The family describes themselves as “doing everything together” and being “inseparable.” Which family-systems concept best describes this pattern?

A 55-year-old on chronic clonazepam has forgetfulness and falls. Why limit long-term benzos?

A 48-year-old with progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, and suspected Alzheimer’s disease requires evaluation. Which neuroimaging finding would most support this diagnosis?

During therapy, a PMHNP notices the patient reacting with anger and mistrust, similar to how they describe their relationship with a critical parent. This phenomenon best represents?

A 33-year-old complains of difficulty falling asleep for > 3 months despite adequate opportunity. Daytime fatigue persists. Most likely diagnosis?

A 38-year-old patient with MDD is started on paroxetine 40 mg and returns 10 days later, complaining of severe nausea, sedation, and dizziness. Pharmacogenomic testing reveals that she is a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer. Which adjustment is most appropriate?

A Black male patient with chest pain is repeatedly labeled as “anxious” and referred to psychiatry despite multiple risk factors for cardiac disease. Later, he is found to have had an untreated myocardial infarction.Which concept best explains the PMHNP’s role in preventing this kind of outcome?

A PMHNP advocates for mental-health parity legislation. This represents:

A 30-year-old patient with bipolar depression recently started lamotrigine. After two weeks, they report a new, diffuse, erythematous rash on the trunk and arms. What is the most appropriate PMHNP response?

A patient starts St. John’s wort with other meds. Main concern?