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In a virtual-circuit approach, the forwarding decision is based on the value of the _____________ field in the packet header.

In transport layer, the function of multiplexing is needed at the sender side, and the function of demultiplexing is needed at the receiver side.

In the Reno TCP, when TCP enters the fast recovery, if a timeout occurs, TCP ____________________________________.

The control information in SCTP is carried in the ________.

The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) routing uses the _______ tree approach.

What is the default prefix length for class C in CIDR notation?

In classful addressing, the IPv4 address space is divided into _______ classes.

In ______, the router forwards the received packet through only one of its interfaces.

In ______ TCP, when the connection is established, TCP starts the slow start algorithms and sets the ssthresh variable to a pre-agreed value (normally 64 or 128 kilobytes) and the cwnd  variable to 1 MSS.

A serious problem can arise in the sliding window operation when either the sending application program creates data slowly or the receiving application program consumes data slowly, or both. This problem is called the ______.