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The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Vials of microorganisms that undergo the freeze-drying process, called _________blank, will remain preserved and viable for years.

An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a/an ___________.

Viruses perform conjugation to transfer their genes.

When microbes live independently but cooperate and share nutrients, it is called ____________.

Viral DNA must penetrate the ________ and travel to the _______ to successfully initate disease in the host.

What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors?  

_________blank is a control method that removes microorganisms rather than inhibiting or killing them.

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell’s _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell’s _____.  

Choose the phase of the bacterial growth curve during which a bacterial population has the shortest doubling time.