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Play is valuable to children because it 

The mathematics program for children ages three to five years requires

An integrated curriculum plan in an early care and learning program

_______________________ are environments that respond to the great diversity of children, cultures, languages, and abilities.

A lab made mice that had a mutation in the CREB gene. The scientists then exposed mutant (and control) mice to fear conditioning. What deficit would you expect to see in the CREB mutant mice? (Note: the correct answer here is what the lab actually observed). 

The presence of which gene product inside a neuron is a marker for recent neuronal activation?

In class we discussed the paper, “Optogenetics enables functional analysis of human embryonic stem cell-derived grafts in a Parkinson’s disease model”. In this paper, scientists took hESCs growing in culture and differentiated them into cells that looked like this at 30 days: The scientists then tested these cells for function. One thing they tested (that we did not discuss in class) was that the cells released dopamine when they were stimulated. To do this, the scientists puffed either glutamate (GLU) or saline onto the cells and then measured the amount of dopamine that the cells released into the dish in which they were growing. They did this experiment without optogenetic stimulation (no 545 nm light) and with optogenetic stimulation (in the presence of 545 nm light). You can see the results of this experiment below. (The left side shows the results for the cells that are expressing EYFP, and the right side shows the results for the cells that are also expressing halorhodopsin. Bars outlined in black show results without 545 nm light. Bars outlined in green show results with 545 nm light.) If these cells are functioning as the scientists want: What will the bar look like for cells expressing EYFP that are receiving saline and 545 nm light (bar 1)? Choose from the possible answers. [B] What will the bar look like for cells expressing EYFP that are receiving glutamate and 545 nm light (bar 2)? Choose from the possible answers. [C] What will the bar look like for cells expressing halorhodopsin-EYFP that are receiving glutamate and 545 nm light (bar 3) Choose from the possible answers. [A]

The mutant fly that Dr. Young identified in in the question above contained a mutation in a gene that encoded the enzyme, ‘Casein Kinase 1’. Casein Kinase 1 phosphorylates period when it is not bound to timeless. When period is phosphorylated by Casein Kinase 1, it is degraded. Thus, period levels will be lowest [duringtheday]. This means that in the night, clock and cycle [willnot] be bound to E-boxes.

The image below shows the protein inclusion found in the brains of people with Parkinson’s disease. The primary component of Lewy bodies is:

In 2017, scientists expressed an opsin specifically in dopamine neurons in mice. They then used electrophysiology to record from dopamine neurons in brain slices from these mice. Here’s what the recording looked liked with no light stimulation: Here’s what the recording looked liked with tonic light stimulation (1 light pulse every second): Note: The light pulses are represented by a the blue ticks. Here’s what the recording looked liked with phasic light stimulation (50 light pulse in 1 second): Note: the blue line represents the light pulses. What opsin was expressed in the dopamine neurons? [Channelrhodopsin] What kind of recording is this? [wholecell]