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Which one of the following research methods is best at identifying causal relationships?

A retail brand tests whether the color of an online banner ad (blue vs. red) affects click-through rate. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Which of the time durations are used in classroom noise measurements performed with a sound level meter? 

An audiologist is preparing to assess a 15-month-old toddler’s hearing. The setup includes speakers on either side of the child and animated toys that light up. What type of audiological assessment is being prepared? 

An RAO rib projection was completed using the “old” technical factors listed in the imaging department.  After examination of rib fractures and admission to the hospital the referring physician would now like an AP portable CXR.  You are tasked with setting a manual 3-point technique using the given “new” technical factors. What is the new time needed to maintain adequate imagine receptor exposure? Old Technique       New Technique 100 mA                   200 mA 4 s                             ——– 70 kV                       70 kV 8:1                            10:1 grid 72 in SID                 54 SID  

If a chest radiograph requires 4 mAs at 72″, the new mAs to use at 56″ would be

Which patient factor most significantly affects the accuracy of self-reported hearing aid benefit?  

An exposure was made using 10 mAs and 60 kV.  If the kilovoltage was changed to 70, what new milliampere seconds value is required to maintain receptor exposure to aid in the decrease of penumbra?

The Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) is specifically designed to measure: 

In a posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest being used for cardiac evaluation, the heart measures 15.2 cm between it’s widest points.  If the magnification factor is known to be 1.4, what is the true actual diameter of the heart?