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Identify the structures of the eye. Remember to include the letters with your answers, please. Example: If Z is olives, then type Z = Olives. EYE 1.png  

Identify and define any six of the nine Bradford Hill causality criteria, and provide a brief example of the application of each criterion in an air pollution and health context (one bullet point per criterion, six bullet points total)

Based on the figure, what is the prevalence of disease on April 1, 2005?

Select the approach(es) that effectively reduce indoor exposures to harmful components of ETS.

During the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, car and bus traffic on roads was found to have been reduced considerably, leading to which observed effects?

Are children more vulnerable to health harms from air pollution exposures than adults?

How would you design a study to assess the health effects of criteria air pollution on health in Wisconsin? (5 bullet points minimum) Define your air pollutant of interest, health outcome of interest, and describe your epidemiology study design choice. List the measure of association you would use to evaluate exposure vs. health outcome. List at least one confounding variable you’d want to include and explain why it should be included. Provide at least one strength and one limitation of your exposure data. Provide at least one strength and one limitation of your health data.

Which term describes the observed distribution of a smoking biomarker (serum cotinine level) in the general population?

In your view, has the Clean Air Act been a success or not? Explain your reasoning. (3 sentences minimum)

Health literacy interventions have been shown to improve health-related outcomes in socioeconomically disadvantaged adults. (1)