A group of children, ranging in age from 8 to 15, regularly…

A group of children, ranging in age from 8 to 15, regularly played football on the common area of an apartment complex. Most of the children lived in the apartment complex, but some lived elsewhere. Addison owned the complex. Addison knew that the children played on the common area and had not objected. Troy, a 13-year-old who did not live in the apartment complex, fell over a sprinkler head while running for a pass and broke his leg. Although Troy had played football on the common area before, he had never noticed the sprinkler heads, which protruded one inch above the ground and were part of a permanently installed underground sprinkler system.If a claim is asserted on Troy’s behalf, Troy will:

Christopher went into a store at approximately 6:45 p.m. to…

Christopher went into a store at approximately 6:45 p.m. to look at some suits that were on sale. The clerks were busy, and one of them told him that he should wait on himself. Christopher selected three suits from a rack and went into the dressing room to try them on. Signs posted on the walls of the store state that closing time is 9 p.m.; however, because of a special awards banquet for employees, the store was closed at 7 p.m. on this day. The employees, in a hurry to get to the banquet, did not check the dressing rooms or turn off the lights before leaving. When Christopher emerged from the dressing room a few minutes after 7 p.m., he was alone and locked in. Christopher tried the front door but it was secured on the outside by a bar and padlock, so he went to the rear door. Christopher grabbed the doorknob and vigorously shook the door. It did not open, but the activity set off a mechanism that had been installed because of several recent thefts committed by persons who had hidden in the store until after closing time. The mechanism sprayed a chemical mist in Christopher’s face, causing him to become temporarily blind. The mechanism also activated an alarm carried by the store’s security guard, Stan, who was just coming to work. Stan unlocked the front door, ran into the store, and grabbed Christopher. Christopher, who was still unable to see, struck out at this person and hit a metal rack, injuring his hand. Stan then identified himself, and Christopher did the same. After assuring himself that Christopher was telling the truth, Stan allowed him to leave.If Christopher is to prevail on a claim against the store based on battery from the use of the chemical spray, Christopher must establish that:

Philip was flying his airplane, which he always kept well ma…

Philip was flying his airplane, which he always kept well maintained. Due to a flock of birds that suddenly got in his way, Philip was forced to seek an emergency landing area and glided toward a field where children were playing. As Philip made his landing, he was unable to avoid striking and injuring one child, Cassie.If Cassie’s parents bring an action against Philip to recover for Cassie’s personal injuries, what is Philip’s best defense?

Wyatt, a 14-year-old, was the youngest licensed pilot in the…

Wyatt, a 14-year-old, was the youngest licensed pilot in the state. On a foggy day when pilots were being advised to fly only if necessary, Wyatt took his plane out so that he could fly low over the football field where his friends were practicing. When Wyatt attempted to land on his return to the airport, he ran off the runway due to the fog and damaged Edwin Executive’s airplane, which was in the parking area.If Edwin Executive sues Wyatt for damage to his airplane and prevails, what is the likely reason?

Amelia Architect, who specialized in the design of large bui…

Amelia Architect, who specialized in the design of large buildings, designed a resort hotel for Wilton, a hotel chain. Amelia Architect took into account weather conditions where the hotel was to be built, and came up with two designs that would cost approximately the same amount to construct to specifications. One of them had the four large supporting pylons set so that it could withstand winds 20% higher than the region had experienced in the 85 years that the weather bureaus kept records for the area. The other design set the pylons farther apart, but they would withstand winds 50% higher than the region had experienced. Amelia Architect decided to go with the first (20% margin) design, because she felt it was more aesthetically pleasing, and also because a 20% safety margin was usually considered adequate. Wilton officers reviewed and approved Amelia Architect’s plans, and the hotel was constructed according to the plans. Two years after the hotel opened, a freak storm struck, bringing with it winds of hurricane force. The hotel suffered significant damage, which would have been avoided had the supporting pylons been placed farther apart.If Wilton sues Amelia Architect for the damage to the hotel, who will prevail?

Pedestrian Pablo, who was walking along an unpaved road on h…

Pedestrian Pablo, who was walking along an unpaved road on his way to work, saw a school bus coming in the opposite direction suddenly begin to careen toward him. Bobby Bus Driver had momentarily lost control of the bus while attempting to light a cigarette. To avoid being hit by the bus, Pedestrian Pablo jumped off the road into Larry Landowner’s yard. Unfortunately, Pedestrian Pablo landed in a bed of prize-winning zinnias and damaged them extensively.In a suit by Larry Landowner against Bobby Bus Driver for the damages to his zinnias, what is the likely result?