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A 28-year-old man who is receiving lithium treatment for bipolar disorder becomes polyuric. His urine osmolarity is 90 mOsm/L; it remain at same level after he is given a nasal spray of ADH (dDAVP). What is the diagnosis?                              

All of the followings are signs of hypovolemia (dehydration) EXCEPT

A 55-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue and weight gain for the past 2 months. She endorses cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin but denies fever, diarrhea, swelling, chest pain, or shortness of breath. A physical examination demonstrates a lethargic, stocky patient with brittle hair. Her past medical history is significant for asthma that is well controlled with her rescue inhaler. What set of lab values confirms diagnosis of her medical condition?

A 35-year-old woman admitted to the labor and delivery suite at 4 am. Her amniotic membranes ruptured approximately 6 hours earlier, but her contractions have decreased from one every 3 min to one every 5 to 7 minutes. She is primipara. On physical examination, she has a blood pressure of 140/85 mmHg, pulse of 100 bmp and a sinus tachycardia rhythm. Her temperature is 98.6° F. Labs shows serum glucose 135 mg/dL, BUN 10 mg/dL, creatinine 0.4 mg/dL, Crit 38% , HbA1c of 6. The fetal heart rate is 120 bpm. The cervix is dilated to 3 cm. According to her previous records, she is at 41 weeks’ gestation, and she has gestational diabetes. If the physician wants to increase the rate and strength of uterine contraction, which of the following would be given to the woman?  

A 70-year-old male is found lethargic at home with a blood pressure of 98/60 and temperature of 98F.Labs: Na=138 mEq/L, K= 2.8 mEq/L, HCO3=10 mEq/L, Cl=117 mEq/L, Creatinine= 1.0 mg/dL, BUN=20 mg/dL, Ca= 10 mg/dL, PO2=80, PCO2= 25 and pH= 7.29. Urine pH=4.5  What is the acid base disorder?  

What is the normal value of FEV1 / FVC ratio in healthy adult ?

Two-third of total body water is present in _____________

In the following diagram, letter ___________ indicates total lung capacity.  

COPD results following acid-base disturbance.

In first 6 hrs of MI, ____________ is the gold standard test for diagnosis.