A 78-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension,…

A 78-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension, CHF, CAD, osteoarthritis, and mild cognitive impairment has been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. The CHADS2-VASc scoring system is one validated measure to help estimate the annual risk of having a cerebrovascular accident with atrial fibrillation. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: THE CHA2DS2-VASc SCORE Condition Points Patient Score CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE Yes      1 point No       0 point HYPERTENSION Yes      1 point No       0 point AGE  >75     2 points 65-74 1 point

You are evaluating a 70-year-old male patient for syncope. A…

You are evaluating a 70-year-old male patient for syncope. Auscultation of his heart reveals a mid-systolic ejection murmur heard best to the right of the sternum in the second intercostal space. The harsh crescendo-decrescendo murmur is heard best with the diaphragm and it radiates to the neck. Which of the following murmurs does this represent? 

Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerativ…

Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease.  The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is made by clinical evaluation and consists of a combination of 6 cardinal features. Which of the following is NOT a cardinal feature of Parkinson’s disease: