A montane meadow is surveyed at two locations, Meadow 1 and…

A montane meadow is surveyed at two locations, Meadow 1 and Meadow 2, to compare plant community diversity. Abundances of each plant species are recorded below.   Species Meadow 1 Meadow 2 Lupinus argenteus 10 4 Festuca idahoensis 6 12 Elymus glaucus 3 6 Potentilla gracilis 5 0 Erigeron speciosus 2 8 Achillea millefolium 4 0   A) Calculate the Shannon diversity index for each meadow and determine which meadow has higher α-diversity. A full-credit answer will show the calculation of each H value.   B) Calculate the similarity between the two meadows using the Jaccard index. A full-credit answer will show the calculation of the Jaccard value.

In a coral reef ecosystem, a population of parrotfish feeds…

In a coral reef ecosystem, a population of parrotfish feeds on algae growing on coral surfaces.Over a 24-hour period, an average parrotfish consumes 2,000 kilocalories (kcal) of algal material. Of this: 400 kcal is lost as feces (undigested material), 1,500 kcal is used for respiration and other metabolic processes, and the rest is converted into new body tissue (growth and reproduction). A) Calculate the production efficiency of the parrotfish (show all calculations clearly). B) Fish are ectotherms. Certain predators of fish, such as dolphins, are endotherms. Do you expect the production efficiency to be higher or lower than for dolphins than what you calculated for parrotfish?