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A certain facility produces drill bits which are made of either steel, cobalt, or diamond. Suppose that 60% of the drill bits are steel, 25% are cobalt, and 15% are diamond. Further, suppose that 10% of the steel drill bits fail, 5% of the cobalt drill bits fail, and 1% of the diamond drill bits fail. What is the probability that a drill bit fails?  

Mr. David Reynolds is a 55-year-old male who presents for hypertension management. He has no current medications but was recently diagnosed with high blood pressure. He reports no significant symptoms but mentions a history of allergies to sulfa-containing medications, which caused a severe rash and swelling in the past. Vital Signs: Blood Pressure: 145/90 mmHg Heart Rate: 76 bpm Respiratory Rate: 16 breaths/min BMI: 30 kg/m² Medical History: Hypertension (newly diagnosed) Sulfa allergy (documented) Social History: Non-smoker Occasional alcohol use Sedentary lifestyle   What class of antihypertensive medications should be used with caution or avoided due to Mr. Reynolds’ sulfa allergy?

Mike pays $1 to enter a raffle. He was hoping to win an autographed photograph of a famous baseball player, but instead he won a red UW-Madison t-shirt.  He already has about twenty red UW-Madison t-shirts and he probably wouldn’t have paid even 25 cents for another one. Mike’s friend Patrick sees that Mike is disappointed to have won the t-shirt and so the next day Patrick asks if he could buy the t-shift from Mike for $5. Mike thinks about it and says that he wouldn’t sell the t-shirt for less than $20.   This scenario illustrates what decision-making error?

Which of the following is a first line treatment option for treating hypertension? 

(d) Give the number of turning points_

Please don’t forget to show yourself erasing your whiteboard (if you used one).

Which of the following is the first-line asthma controller medication recommended for pregnant women with persistent asthma?

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of pre-frontal lobe damage on decision-making. Two subjects participate in the study:   Dawn, a 30-year-old woman with no damage to her pre-frontal lobe Myra, a 30-year-old woman with bilateral damage to her pre-frontal lobe   Both Dawn and Myra were asked to play a betting game. During each round of the game, they were given up to $50 to bet on one of four sailboats in a race. At the beginning of the experiment, participants were not told that each sailboat has a different probability of winning and a different payout for winning. Participants would lose their entire bet on rounds where they select a losing sailboat.    Sailboat A wins 50% of the time, participants collect 110% of their original bet if Sailboat A wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $11) Sailboat B wins 30% of the time, participants collect 150% of their original bet if Sailboat B wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $15) Sailboat C wins 15% of the time, participants earn 200% of their original bet if Sailboat C wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $20) Sailboat D wins 5% of the time, participants earn 300% of their original bet if Sailboat D wins (a bet of $10 dollars pays out $30)   After several rounds of the game, you would expect _______ to be more likely to choose Sailboat A each time and ________ to show no physiological changes (e.g., increased heart rate and sweating) when choosing (or thinking about choosing) Sailboat D. 

As the degrees of freedom increase, Student’s t distribution “looks” most like the normal distribution.  

Hal is a third-year medical student in Wisconsin. Yesterday he was reading a paper about Dengue Fever, which comes from a virus transmitted via mosquitoes. The primary symptoms are fever, vomiting, aches and pains, and fatigue. It is incredibly uncommon in the state of Wisconsin (particularly in winter). The next day, Hal is seeing a patient whose symptoms are a good fit to Dengue fever. The symptoms are also a pretty good fit to the flu (though a slightly less good fit than the fit to Dengue fever). The flu right now is very common in Wisconsin. In his mind, Hal overestimates how common Dengue Fever might be in Wisconsin right now. He also focuses strongly on the fact that the symptoms are a very slightly better fit to Dengue Fever than to flu. As such, he gives the patient a diagnosis of Dengue fever. Hal’s overestimation of the commonness of Dengue Fever based on the fact that he was just reading about Dengue Fever, is a good example of what decision-making error?