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14.    One solution to improve dental accessibility is “Direct Access”, which is defined as:a.    The dentist being present to examine and authorize work before it has been completedb.    The dentist authorizing work to be completed, but they do not need to be present.c.    The dental hygienist can provide services as they determine appropriate without authorization and supervisiond.    The dentist authorizes work to be complete and can examine the patient before or after treatment.

36.    To obtain the arithmetic average, one must add all the values and divide by the number of items. This refers to which measure of tendency?a.    Meanb.    Median c.    Mode d.    None of the above 

19.    No matter what career the RDH pursues, which professional role is embedded in all fields?a.    Clinicianb.    Entrepreneurc.    Public Health d.    Administrator

35.    The type of research sampling that takes a sample from every nth subject, which can be determined by dividing the total population size by the desired sample size is termed:a.    Randomb.    Conveniencec.    Judgmentald.    Systematic 

29.     During a clinical trial, the examiners will assign group A with the placebo and group B with a new toothpaste. The participants are unaware of which treatment they receive. This is an example of a:a.    Single-blind trialb.    Double-blind trialc.    Triple-blind triald.    Quadruple-blind trial

COMMUNITY TESTLET: Use the following testlet to answer questions 41-45.  RESEARCH QUESTION: Which pre-procedural mouth rinse is more effective in reducing bleeding during NSPT, Chlorhexidine (CHX), hydrogen peroxide, or the placebo, salt water (saline solution). HYPOTHESES: A) There is no difference between CHX and hydrogen peroxide. B) There is a difference between CHX and hydrogen peroxide, patients rinsing with CHX will have the least amount of bleeding.  METHODOLOGY: In a double-blind study, SCC students between the ages of 18-21 were the subjects (ages = 19, 18, 19, 21,20, 19, 20, 19, 20, 20, 19). Each participant was randomly assigned to the CHX, hydrogen peroxide, or placebo group. The study was conducted over 4 weeks, 1 quad evaluated per week using the O’Leary Bleeding Index. Each participant rinsed with 5mL of their assigned mouth rinse 15 min prior to treatment.  RESULTS: A parametric test was used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the rinses. The results showed an overall statistically significant reduction in bleeding using CHX (p < 0.03). Additionally, an r-value of - 0.87 demonstrates a measure of correlation between bleeding and use of CHX. 45.    Looking at the correlation test between the use of CHX and amount of bacteria, the r-value is -0.87. This relationship shows what type of relationship between variables?a.    Positive and weak correlationb.    Negative and weak correlationc.    Positive and strong correlationd.    Negative and strong correlation

21.    In a normal distribution, where the curve is symmetrical or bell shaped, what is the relationship between the measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode?a.    Mean = Median = Modeb.    Mean > Median > Modec.    Mean < Median < Moded.    Mean > Median = Mode

11.    One way to help with the issue of accessibility to care is the RDHAP, which stands for:a.    RDH in Alternative Practiceb.    RDH in Advanced Placementc.    RDH – Advanced Practitionerd.    RDH – Anchovy Pizza

30.    A RDH can be an advocate when it comes to the development of community oral health programs. Ultimately, the policies that determine the implementation of such programs come from:a.    The Executive Branchb.    The Judicial Branchc.    The Legislative Branch

18.    According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, intimate relationships and friendships fall under which category?a.    Basic needsb.    Psychological needsc.    Self-fulfillment needs