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When music is use to combat a dominant political force, it most often takes the form of a: 

 Orff’s inspiration for Carmina Burana stemmed from this work:

Goliards were educated young men who had abandoned the religious life and wrote satirical poetry.

 In Carmina Burana, Orff divides twenty-three poems into scenes about fate, springtime, drinking and love.

 Franz Liszt (1811-1886) was born in the Hungarian village of Doborján, yet spoke German.

 Reece’s song was used in 1973 when the Harlan County miners again went on strike for improved working conditions and decent wages.

Not every American composer accepted Dvořák’s approach to representation of American identity in formal art music. This composer offered an alternative vision for the “American” symphony:

Beach may have become one of the leading virtuosos of her time, but stopped performing to focus on composition because her husband believed men should support their wives. 

 Liszt appeared onstage with two pianos because:

 Florence Reece’s song “Which Side Are You On?” was rooted in her own experiences as part of a coal mining family.