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Bonus Question 1: Provide a definition and an example of 4 of the following terms (4pts) (be sure to indicate which question you are answering)   Impersonal causality Certainty effect Counterfactual reasoning Regression to the mean Illusion of control Unrealisitic optimism Internal validity.

Which of the following is a 4-year old child most likely to have started developing a stable script for?  

Children who are more interested in learning something than in looking smart and who tend to try different strategies when they fail at a problem are likely to be _____________ theorists  

A person reasoning in accord with the principle of invariance would  

Tversky and Kahneman’s (1981) classic “disease outbreak” study showed that gain-framing leads to  

Thomas is having a garage sale. He is having issues selling his things, because when buyers come to purchase them, they say that Thomas’s prices for his items are too high. Thomas says that the items are worth this much, even though online price checks would say his prices are too high. What is Thomas demonstrating?  

Under which condition does the endowment effect disappear:  

Wellman and Gelman (1992) argued that our framework theories encompass our commonsense, intuitive understandings of  

Studies have consistently shown that when people make contingency judgments, they give the most weight to which cell of a 2×2 contingency table such as the one below?       Candidate Effect?     Yes No Candidate Cause? Yes A B   No C D  

A _______________ is any challenge to the person’s sense of competence that ends with an objective outcome, such as success or failure, win or lose, and correct or incorrect.