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The primary purpose for the continuity and structural integrity reinforcement requirements is to tie the structural elements together and prevent localized damage from spreading.

Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to determine the development length for the straight tension bars (no hooks) in a rectangular beam with b = 17 in. and d = 23 in., three epoxy-coated No. 6 Grade 60 bars placed in the bottom of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 7,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

What is the purpose of using hooks as anchorage?

Determine the epoxy modification factor, ψe, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 22 in., five uncoated No. 6 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 40 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 5,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 2 in.

Determine the epoxy modification factor, ψe, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 22 in., three galvanized No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 60 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 7,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

Determine the size modification factor, ψs, for a rectangular beam with b = 18 in. and d = 22 in., five epoxy-coated No. 8 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 5,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

Determine the transverse reinforcement index, Ktr, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 22 in., four epoxy-coated No. 9 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the bottom of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 7,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

Determine the size modification factor, ψs, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 23 in., three uncoated No. 8 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the bottom of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 40 stirrups located every 10 in. along the span. Assume 4,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

The stress in the reinforcement is minimum at a crack.

Determine the casting-position modification factor, ψt, for a rectangular beam with b = 17 in. and d = 23 in., four galvanized No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the bottom of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 8 in. along the span. Assume 8,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.