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Mark is late for an important business meeting and is impati…

Mark is late for an important business meeting and is impatiently waiting in line at “The Daily Grind” coffee shop. Because he is late, he takes out his phone to send a message notifying his office. After sending the message, he realizes that his phone changed the name of his tough-as-nails boss from “Gladys” to “Gladiator”. Mark yells, “Dang, autocorrect!!” and as he yells, he accidentally bumps into another customer, Sarah, who is carrying a fresh cup of extremely hot coffee. Sarah had seen Mark staring at his phone oblivious to his surroundings but did not attempt to avoid him because there was a rope divider between where she was and where Mark was in line. The collision causes Sarah to spill the coffee onto her hand, resulting in significant second-degree burns. Sarah sues Mark for negligence to recover her medical expenses and pain and suffering. Mark comes to the lawyer’s office where you are an intern and tells the story above. The lawyer asks you to write a memo to help him answer Mark’s question. Compose your memo addressing these questions, one per paragraph. What are the elements necessary for determining whether someone is liable for the tort of negligence? What facts in Mark’s account should be considered when evaluating each of the elements in question 1? Combining the elements in question 1 with the facts in question 2, state whether or not Emily is likely to be able to make a minimum showing that Mark is liable (responsible). The lawyer says that he wonders whether Mark might be able to make an affirmative defense. What is the best affirmative defense, if Mark were to only argue for one? What are the elements that Mark would have to prove in order to make this affirmative defense? What facts are important for evaluating this defense? What is a court likely to conclude – is Mark liable for the injuries?    

Displacement experiments of migratory animals involve taking…

Displacement experiments of migratory animals involve taking animals from one location to another (usually one that is not super close).  The researchers then track the animals to see if they can correct for their new position to reach a seasonal goal location (such as their wintering or breeding grounds).  For animals that solely use compass orientation for migration, what happens in these experiments AND WHY? (2 sentences)

You are talking to your brother about this class and you men…

You are talking to your brother about this class and you mention that when you were learning about anti-predator behavior that you learned about a case with tree frogs in which their eggs can flee in response to predation.  He says “How can an egg flee?”.  Briefly explain how the system works to him (1-2 sentences)