In a study by Seligman and Maier (1967), two groups of dogs…

In a study by Seligman and Maier (1967), two groups of dogs were given electric shock.  The groups differed in their ability to escape the shock by touching a panel with their head.  Later both groups of dogs were put in a shuttle box where shock was delivered on one side of the box that could be avoided by jumping over a low barrier.  The results indicated that