Question 5: True or False, Speciation, 14 points Answer the…

Question 5: True or False, Speciation, 14 points Answer the following questions true or false True or False: Sympatric speciation requires a physical barrier to separate populations. (2 pts) True or False: Hybrid sterility, such as in mules, is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier. (2 pts) True or False: Geographic isolation is the only way new animal species can form. (2 pts) True or False: Temporal isolation, such as differences in breeding seasons among closely related frog species, is considered a postzygotic reproductive barrier. (2 pts) True or False: Hybrid zones always lead to the fusion of two populations back into a single species. (2 pts) True or False: Sexual selection, such as female preference for specific male courtship displays in birds, can drive speciation even without geographic isolation. (2 pts) True or False: Adaptive radiation in animals typically occurs when a single ancestral species rapidly diversifies into multiple species in response to unoccupied ecological niches, as seen in cichlid fish in African lakes. (2 pts)

Question 2: Population Genetics and Research Analysis, 19 po…

Question 2: Population Genetics and Research Analysis, 19 points Write short responses to each of the questions below. Each of your answers should explain the answer fully in 1-2 sentences. I was working at the UW Friday Harbor Laboratories as a graduate student and I happened upon a black fox on my walk from the lab to my cabin one evening. Known as the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), I knew these foxes are polymorphic for red, tan, and black/silver. Black foxes are rare in most parts of the world, but I was surprised to see that they were quite common on the San Juan Island. Imagine you are a biologist studying foxes in American Camp on San Juan Island. You are studying the frequency of black foxes in this area.  For the sake of this problem, let’s say that this black morph is the result of a single recessive gene. You take fox scat (poop) samples and are able to genotype all the foxes that live in American Camp. You collect the data below: Phenotype Genotype Number observed                Red morph RR 44 Red morph Rr 100 Black morph rr 81 Calculate the allele frequencies of the two alleles in your population assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Please show your work. (5 pts) Calculate the genotype frequencies in your population assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Please show your work. (6 pts) In your study, you are interested in whether your population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium because you observe so many black morphs in American Camp. You know that you need to use the χ2-test to determine whether these results are statistically significant. C1. Be sure to state your hypothesis and the null hypothesis. (2 pts) C2. State your p-value and degrees of freedom. (2 pts) C3. Explain whether you can reject your null hypothesis (2 pts) C4. Explain how you would interpret these results. What do you report to your colleagues? (2 pts)