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22. ______________  ________ is fixating on a preconceived notion and ignoring other possibilities, such as focusing on a specific suspect, during a police investigation. a. confirmation awareness b. confirmatory bias c. prime suspect d. interrogation query

11. Which of the following statements would be consistent with Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of utilitarianism?   a.  Torturing a suspect as part of an interrogation would be justifiable if it saved lives.   b.  Murder is the most immoral crime.   c.  You should treat your fellow citizens as you yourself would be treated.   d.  Pleasure derived from greed is worse than pleasure derived from charity.

  7. Which of the following might not be included in the discussion regarding the ethics of defense attorneys?   a.  Whether to devote more effort to private cases than appointer cases   b.  Whether to allow perjury   c.  Whether to take gratuities   d.  Whether to attack the character of a victim to defend a client

9. Which of the following statements is an example of a categorical imperative?   a.  Killing is occasionally justifiable.   b.  Catholic priests must never be married.   c.  If you find a dollar on the street, you may keep it.   d.  The ends must always justify the means.

What is the primary purpose of marketing in a business?

Match the economic term to its corresponding concept.

Ethics of Active Security Experimentation in Deployed Socio-Technical Systems [18 pts] Alex is a senior security researcher embedded in a company that operates a large-scale, permissionless blockchain platform used for financial transactions and smart-contract execution by millions of users worldwide. Alex has discovered a previously unknown class of malformed RPC requests that—when carefully crafted and replayed—may cause consensus-level inconsistencies or temporary forks under rare timing conditions. The vulnerability is subtle and cannot be reliably reproduced in a laboratory testbed or private fork, because it depends on real-world network latency, validator diversity, and live transaction volume. To validate the severity of the issue, Alex proposes to deploy an automated testing tool that injects these malformed RPC requests directly into the production network, interleaved with real user traffic, while carefully rate-limiting the attack to avoid obvious disruption. Alex has informal approval from a direct manager but has not disclosed the plan to users, validators, or downstream application developers, and there is no established institutional review process for security experiments on this system. (a) [6 pts] Analyze the ethical risks and responsibilities involved in Alex’s proposed testing. Your answer should consider at least three distinct stakeholder groups (e.g., users, operators, third-party developers, society) and discuss how intent, proportionality, consent, and potential harm interact in this scenario. (b) [6 pts] Under what conditions, if any, could Alex’s testing be ethically justified? Propose a concrete ethical framework or decision process (e.g., risk-benefit analysis, staged deployment, governance approval, or external oversight) that would make such testing acceptable, and clearly justify why it addresses the concerns identified in part (a).

Which of the following compounds is a beta – anomer?                            

The functional group below represent what class of compounds?                                

Which of the following is the correct method of measuring weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of a polymer sample?