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On what grounds and for what reasons did Conanicus, Pessicus, and the Narragansetts submit to the authority of Charles I? On what grounds and in what terms did the sachems characterize their relationship to Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Why do you think historians have often avoided topics like bodily mutilation and display? What are the risks and benefits of studying them?

(HC)The question is based on the accompanying documents. You are advised to spend 15 minutes planning and 40 minutes writing your answer.In your response, you should do the following. State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question. Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all, or all but one, of the documents. Support the thesis or a relevant argument by accounting for historical complexity, relating diverse historical evidence in a cohesive way. Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: author’s point of view, author’s purpose, audience, and/or historical context. Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents. Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes. Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay. Evaluate the extent to which United States foreign policy goals changed between 1919 and 1960.Document 1Source: Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr., speech to the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, August 12, 1919.Mr. President:I have never had but one allegiance—I cannot divide it now. I have loved but one flag and I cannot share that devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner invented for a league. Internationalism, illustrated by the Bolshevik…is to me repulsive…The United States is the world’s best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her very existence…No doubt many excellent and patriotic people see a coming fulfillment of noble ideals in the words “league for peace.” We all respect and share these aspirations and desires, but some of us see no hope, but rather defeat, for them in this murky covenant. For we, too, have our ideals, even if we differ from those who have tried to establish a monopoly of idealism.Document 2Source: Message from Secretary of State Henry Stimson to the Japanese government after its invasion of Manchuria, January 7, 1932.[I]n view of the present situation…, the American Government deems it to be its duty to notify both the Imperial Japanese Government and the Government of the Chinese Republic that it cannot admit the legality of any situation de facto nor does it intend to recognize any treaty or agreement entered into between those Governments…which may impair the treaty rights of the United States or its citizens in China, including those which relate to the sovereignty, the independence, or the territorial and administrative integrity of the Republic of China, or to the international policy relative to China, commonly known as the open door policy; and that it does not intend to recognize any situation, treaty or agreement which may be brought about by means contrary to the…obligations of the [Kellogg-Briand] Pact of Paris of August 27, 1928, to which Treaty…China and Japan, as well as the United States, are parties.Document 3Source: Senator Gerald P. Nye, speech before the “Keep America Out of War” meeting, New York City, May 27, 1935.Let us know that it is sales and shipments of munitions and contraband, and the lure of the profits in them, that will get us into another war, and that when the proper time comes and we talk about national honor, let us know that simply means the right to go on making money out of a war…The experience of the last war includes the lesson that neutral rights are not a matter for national protection unless we are prepared to protect them by force…I believe…that the only hope of staying out of war is through our people recognizing and declaring as a matter of…national policy, that we will not ship munitions to aid combatants and that those of our citizens who ship other materials to belligerent nations must do so at their own risk and without any hope of protection from our Government. If our financiers and industrialists wish to speculate for war profits, let them be warned in advance that they are to be limited to speculation with their own capital and not with the lives of their countrymen and the fabric of their whole nation.Document 4Source: Report of a conversation between President Franklin Roosevelt and Marshal Joseph Stalin at the Tehran Conference, 1943.The President…said the question of a post war organization to preserve peace had not been fully explained…There would be a large organization comprised of some 35 members of the United Nations…The President continued that there would be set up an executive committee composed of the Soviet Union, the United States, United Kingdom and China, with two additional European states, one South American, one Near East, one Far Eastern country and one British Dominion…The President then turned to the third organization which he termed “The Four Policemen,” namely, the Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, and China. This organization would have the power to deal immediately with any threat to the peace and any sudden emergency which requires this action…Marshal Stalin said that he did not think the small nations of Europe would like the organization composed of the Four Policemen…Marshal Stalin pointed out that the world organization suggested by the President, and in particular the Four Policemen, might also require the sending of American troops to Europe. The President pointed out that he had only envisaged the sending of American planes and ships to Europe, and that England and the Soviet Union would have to handle the land armies in the event of any future threat to the peace.Document 5Source: Truman Doctrine, March 12, 1947The peoples of a number of countries of the world have recently had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. The Government of the United States has made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation, in violation of the Yalta agreement, in Poland, Rumania, and Bulgaria. I must also state that in a number of other countries there have been similar developments.The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive.Document 6Source: NSC 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security, April 1950.Our position as the center of power in the free world places a heavy responsibility upon the United States for leadership. We must organize and enlist the energies and resources of the free world in a positive program for peace which will frustrate the Kremlin design for world domination by creating a situation in the free world to which the Kremlin will be compelled to adjust. Without such a cooperative effort, led by the United States, we will have to make gradual withdrawals under pressure until we discover one day that we have sacrificed positions of vital interest. It is imperative that this trend be reversed by a much more rapid and concerted build-up of the actual strength of both the United States and the other nations of the free world…we must, by means of a rapid and sustained build-up of the political, economic, and military strength of the free world, and by means of an affirmative program intended to wrest the initiative from the Soviet Union, confront it with convincing evidence of the determination and ability of the free world to frustrate the Kremlin design of a world dominated by its will.Document 7U.S. Military Spending as a Percent of Gross Domestic Product, 1915–1955Data Source: Federal Budget, U.S. Government Publishing Office

(HC)The question is based on the accompanying documents. You are advised to spend 15 minutes planning and 40 minutes writing your answer.In your response, you should do the following. State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question. Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all, or all but one, of the documents. Support the thesis or a relevant argument by accounting for historical complexity, relating diverse historical evidence in a cohesive way. Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: author’s point of view, author’s purpose, audience, and/or historical context. Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents. Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes. Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay. Evaluate the extent to which large corporations impacted economic and social policies of the United States in the period from 1870 to 1900.Document 1Source: Interstate Commerce Act, February 4, 1887All charges made for any service rendered or to be rendered in the transportation of passengers or property as aforesaid, or in connection therewith, or for the receiving, delivering, storage, or handling of such property, shall be reasonable and just; and every unjust and unreasonable charge for such service is prohibited and declared to be unlawful.Document 2Source: Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, June 1889.This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer, doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves.Document 3Source: “The Bosses of the Senate,” Puck, 1889© Bridgeman Art Library / Universal Images Group / Image Quest 2015 Document 4Source: “People’s Party Platform,” 1892.[W]e seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of “the plain people,” with which class it originated…Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is no precedent in the history of the world;…We pledge ourselves that if given power we will labor to correct these evils by wise and reasonable legislation, in accordance with the terms of our platform. We believe that the power of government—in other words, of the people—should be expanded (as in the case of the postal service) as rapidly and as far as the good sense of an intelligent people and the teaching of experience shall justify, to the end that oppression, injustice, and poverty shall eventually cease in the land. Document 5Source: Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie, 1900[Department stores] were along the line of the most effective retail organization, with hundreds of stores coordinated into one and laid out upon the most imposing and economic basis. They were handsome, bustling, successful affairs, with a host of clerks and a swarm of patrons. Carrie passed along the busy aisles, much affected by the remarkable displays of trinkets, dress goods, stationery, and jewelry. Each separate counter was a showplace of dazzling interest and attraction. She could not help feeling the claim of each trinket and valuable upon her personally. Document 6Source: President William McKinley Speech in Buffalo, New York, Sep 5, 1901Business life, whether among ourselves or with other people, is ever a sharp struggle for success. It will be none the less so in the future. Without competition we would be clinging to the clumsy antiquated processes of farming and manufacture and the methods of business of long ago, and the twentieth would be no further advanced than the eighteenth century. But though commercial competitors we are, commercial enemies we must not be…The period of exclusiveness is past. The expansion of our trade and commerce is the pressing problem. Commercial wars are unprofitable. A policy of good will and friendly trade relations will prevent reprisals. Reciprocity treaties are in harmony with the spirit of the times, measures of retaliation are not. If perchance some of our tariffs are no longer needed, for revenue or to encourage and protect our industries at home, why should they not be employed to extend and promote our markets abroad? Document 7Source: Typewriting Department, National Cash Register, Dayton, Ohio, 1902Library of Congress [LC-DIG-det-4a20574]

(08.01, 08.04, 08.05, 08.07, 08.08 HC)Respond to ONE of the questions.In your response, you should do the following: State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question. Support your argument with two to three pieces of evidence, using specific examples. Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question. Synthesize the elements above into an essay that extends your argument, connects it to a different historical context, or connects it to a different category of analysis. Option 1: Evaluate the extent to which the U.S. policy of containment was successful in the period from 1945 to 1980.OROption 2: Evaluate the extent to which the implementation of Great Society policy and programs significantly altered the role of the federal government in the lives of Americans in the period from 1960 to 1980.

Late assignments are allowed in this course for how many days?

What percent of your score on an assignment is removed when you submit it late?

You must take the final exam in this course.

You are a genetic engineer and discover a gene sequence that works in a similar fashion as CRISPR-Cas9 and can be isolated from the same organism as CRISPR-Cas9. What do you isolate this sequence from?

This is your opportunity to expound on your thinking for any of the above problems.  Especially on multiple choice and multiple response questions you may have felt the desire to talk through your reasoning.  Here’s your opportunity.