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The PMHNP is seeing a middle-aged male patient for a mood disorder who has a history of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. While reviewing lab work prior to prescribing antipsychotic medication, the PMHNP notes mildly elevated liver enzymes (AST and ALT). The patient denies any other physical symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s abnormal labs?

A professor has been teaching a class on gastrointestinal function. Which statement by a student indicates the need for further education?

The mother of a 19-week-old infant brings her baby in for assessment because of persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal biopsy confirms a diagnosis of celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy), and the mother is anxious to know what caused the disease. Which of the following aspects of the etiology of celiac disease would underlie the explanation the physician provides?

The AGNP identifies which of the following as a contributor to the patient’s problem of primary constipation?

An NP is providing care for a male patient with a long-standing hiatal hernia. Which statement most accurately reflects an aspect of the pathophysiology of hiatal hernias?

Development of which symptoms indicate to the nurse that a 48-year-old client with seasonal influenza may actually have Covid-19? 

A nurse is teaching a client how to perform pursed-lip breathing. Which instructions would the nurse include in this teaching? (Select all that apply.) 

A postoperative client has hypovolemia due to blood loss. The provider prescribes IV fluids.  Of the available options, which solution is most appropriate?

NGN Case Study: Chronic Renal Failure Read the case scenario carefully. Then, answer the following questions based on your clinical judgment and understanding of nursing care for a client with chronic renal failure. Client Profile:Name: Henry MartinezAge: 62Medical History: Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (diagnosed 15 years ago), chronic renal failure diagnosed 2 years agoMedications: Lisinopril, Metformin, Erythropoietin, Furosemide Initial Assessment: Mr. Martinez presents to the outpatient dialysis clinic complaining of increasing fatigue, swelling in his lower legs, and shortness of breath with minimal exertion. Vital Signs: BP: 168/92 mmHg HR: 92 bpm RR: 22/min O2 Sat: 95% on room air Weight: 88 kg (baseline: 84 kg) Laboratory Results: BUN: 58 mg/dL (↑) Creatinine: 6.1 mg/dL (↑) Potassium: 6.3 mEq/L (↑) Hemoglobin: 8.2 g/dL (↓) GFR: 12 mL/min/1.73 m² (↓) Serum Albumin: 2.8 g/dL (↓) Question:  Match each complication (left side) with the most appropriate nursing action (right side).

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with nephrolithiasis who reports severe flank pain and nausea. Which nursing intervention is the priority?