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To reduce incidents of violence among male gang members at a youth center, a city passed an ordinance forbidding any male between the ages of 13 and 19 to enter the center unless accompanied by a female.An 18-year-old male who was refused admission at the center because he was not escorted by a female filed suit in federal court to strike down the ordinance as unconstitutional.Should the court find the city ordinance constitutional?

State’s legislators are considering passage of a statute which would allow purchase and consumption of alcohol by females who are at least 19 years of age while maintaining the minimum age for purchase and consumption of alcohol by males at 21 years of age.  The most accurate statement of the applicable Constitutional principle is:

Ames City, a city in the State of Ames, historically compiled jury pools using the state’s list of registered drivers. Recently, however, it began to use voter registration records as a basis for selecting jurors. As a result, the number of African American jurors fell by over 80 percent. Which of the following would allow for an inference of racial discrimination?

The State of Ames bars opticians from the manufacture of eyeglasses unless pursuant to a prescription from either an optometrist (who has a doctor of optometry degree) or an ophthalmologist (who has a medical degree). McGoo, an optician (who has neither degree), sues, claiming that the law simply places low-cost providers at a disadvantage relative to the other eye doctors. A reviewing court would likely:

A State of Cootie statute provides that no retail smoke shop can operate in a wooden building without a license. The state licensing authority consistently refuses to grant such licenses to Cuban Americans, while granting them freely to others. Ricky Ricardo, a Cuban American who’s been denied a smoke shop license, challenges the statute on equal protection grounds. What result?

Which of the following are factors the federal courts must consider in connection with a determination of unitariness, or constitutionally mandated desegregated status?

Private organizers of an annual parade were required under a state public accommodations law to include among the marchers even those groups whose message the organizers did not wish to convey. A group representing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals applied for a permit to be included in a St. Patrick’s Day parade celebrating Irish heritage for the purpose of expressing the LGBT members’ pride in their sexual orientation. When the application was denied, the group brought suit against the parade organizers, alleging discrimination based on sexual orientation. The trial court held that the parade organizers had violated the public accommodations law and ordered the organizers to include the group in the parade. The highest state appellate court affirmed the order.  If the United States Supreme Court grants certiorari, will it affirm the lower courts’ rulings?

Faced with mounting evidence of voter fraud in the State of Calneva, the state’s legislature has passed a law requiring presentation of a picture ID before casting a vote in an election. The acceptable picture IDs under the law must be procured at any Calneva location at which state employees are on duty.  The law will be valid if:

Which of the following is not a factor in the consideration of a person’s Free Exercise clause claim?

Intending to encourage long-time resident aliens to become American citizens, a state passed a law denying numerous state and municipal jobs to persons who had been resident aliens for longer than 10 years. Those already in the state had to apply for American citizenship within a year after the law took effect. Persons who had acquired resident alien status prior to achieving the age of majority had until age 30 to acquire such status or be automatically disqualified from obtaining such a job. A 40-year-old man who has been a resident alien in the state for 15 years applied for a job as a police emergency response telecommunications expert. He had not filed for citizenship within the one-year grace period. May the state constitutionally rely on the statute to refuse to hire the man?