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SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS – ESSAY #1 In Question 45 and 46, you…

SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS – ESSAY #1 In Question 45 and 46, you will answer 2 of the following 4 short answer questions. You will NOT get extra credit for answering more than 2. To start (in question 45), please select one short answer question and write your response in the text box below. Please indicate which short answer (providing the number is fine) you are answering.  You will answer your second short answer choice in Question 46. DO NOT ANSWER BOTH IN QUESTION 45.  OPTION 1: During a study involving human participants, explain why it is critical to apply the three Belmont Report principles: Respect for Persons Beneficence Justice Describe each principle and illustrate your answer with relevant examples (200-400 words) OPTION 2: Case study: In the northeastern United States, cases of Lyme disease have been steadily increasing over the past decade. The disease is transmitted by black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis), which thrive in fragmented forests and areas with high deer populations. Suburban expansion has increased human contact with tick habitats, and climate change has extended tick activity into spring and fall. Pets often bring ticks indoors, increasing household exposure. Local health departments report that public awareness is low, and tick prevention measures are inconsistently used. Wildlife managers note that deer populations have grown due to reduced hunting and lack of predators. Environmental surveys show that invasive plant species create dense underbrush, providing ideal tick habitats. Schools and outdoor recreation areas are reporting frequent tick encounters, raising concerns about children’s safety. Discuss why the One Health approach is critical for managing Lyme disease in the United States. In your answer: Explain the interconnected nature of human, animal, and environmental factors in Lyme disease transmission. Provide at least one example of an intervention that reflect One Health principles. [300-500 words] OPTION 3 Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in the context of public health. For each level of prevention, provide one specific example related to a chronic disease (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer).   [200-300 word] OPTION 4: Why is a clean environment important for positive health outcomes? In your answer, discuss at least one example from the lectures, such as WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene), air pollution, or ecosystem disruption, and explain their impact on human health.    [200-300 words.]