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If you want to write a good paraphrase of a passage you have read, what do you need to do first?

What are the differences between the original and the paraphrased version? Pick all that apply!

After you have written a first draft of your paraphrase, what should you do next?

Which paraphrase is acceptable? EXCERPT FROM ORIGINAL Learning some items may interfere with retrieving others, especially when the items are similar. If someone gives you a phone number co remember, you may be able to recall it later. But if two more people give you their numbers, each successive number will be more difficult to recall. Such proactive interference occurs when something you learned earlier disrupts recall of something you experienced later. As you collect more and more information, your mental attic never fills, but it certainly gets cluttered. –David G. Myers, Psychology

Please read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. INTIMACY VERSUS INDEPENDENCE             Women speak and hear a language of connection and intimacy whereas men speak and hear a language of status and independence. John Gray, writing in Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, claims that women are more interested in people and feelings, and men are more interested in objects and things. The “things” Gray refers to include whatever can help men express power by creating results, achieving goals, and doing things by themselves. This is how men prove their competence and strengthen their egos.             These characteristics, as it turns out, answer several related questions, for example, “Why don’t men ever stop and ask for directions when they are lost?” Men take great pride in handling problems on their own. “Why involve others,” they might think, “when I can do it myself?” Asking others for help when they can do it themselves is perceived as a sign of weakness. Also, there is a great deal of pride to be gained from having resolved the problem of how to get there. (They seldom admit to being lost.) That is why, when in dialogue the men involved attempt to solve the problems their partners are facing. Women, on the other hand, enjoying intimacy or connection, spend a lot of time supporting, helping, and nurturing; thus, they see no problem in seeking others—especially when lost—who can offer these features. Sharing and relating is natural, easy, and proper.             Other related questions can be answered with the “intimacy versus independence” base. Women often wonder why men become absorbed in sports; men often wonder why women become absorbed in soap operas or romance novels. It should be clear with respect to interests in sports and soap operas, however, that they do not split evenly along genderbased lines. Many females enjoy sports; many males enjoy soap operas. But this does not explain the predominant gender-based interests. Think about it. Men value power, competency, efficiency, and achievement. These characteristics are clearly demonstrated on the athletic field. Women value love, communication, beauty, and relationships. These characteristics are clearly demonstrated in soap operas and romance novels. This is but one area where rules of communication collide.             Women use talk to build and sustain connections with others. Men use talk to convey information and establish their independent status. These differences, obviously, give rise to many others. With just these two ideas as starting points, however, the number of misunderstandings that are likely to follow is not surprising.                                     —Weaver, Understanding Interpersonal Communication, 7e, p. 253 In paragraph 2, the best paraphrase for the first sentence is:

Why should you do step two without referring back to the original?

Decide whether student paraphrase is accurate. Original The stomach is a muscular sac that churns the food as it secretes mucus hydrochloric acid, and enzymes that begin the digestion of proteins. The food is meanwhile sealed in the stomach by two sphincters, or rings of muscles, one at either end of the stomach. After mixing is completed, the lower sphincter opens and the stomach begins to contract repeatedly, squeezing the food into the small intestine. A fatty meal, by the way, slows this process and makes us feel “full” longer. This is also why we’re hungry again so soon after a low-fat Chinese dinner.             The small intestine is a long convoluted tube in which digestion is completed and through which most nutrient products enter the bloodstream. Its inner surface is covered with tiny, fingerlike projections called vili, which increase the surface area of the intestinal lining. Furthermore, the surface area of each villus is increased by about 3000 tiny projections called microvilli. Within each villus is a minute lymph vessel surrounded by a network of blood capillaries. While the digested products of certain fats move directly into the lymph vessel, the products of protein and starch digestion move into the blood capillaries.                                                                         -Wallace, Biology: The World of Life, p. 443 Student Paraphrase In Biology: The World of Life, Wallace states that digestion begins with the secretion of mucus, hydrochloric acid, and enzymes. Two sphincters, one at either end of the stomach, secure the food within the stomach as this muscular sac agitates the food. When the process is completed, the lower sphincter opens and the stomach with repeated contractions pushes the food into the small intestine. The process is completed in the small intestine and the blood stream receives its nourishment through this long convoluted tube. The inner surface of the small intestine is covered with villi which in turn are covered by microvilli. Within each fingerlike projection called a villus is a tiny lymph vessel encircled by a network of blood capillaries. As the digestive process is completed, the lymph vessel receives the product of certain fats; the blood capillaries receive the products of protein and starch (443).  

Please read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. INTIMACY VERSUS INDEPENDENCE             Women speak and hear a language of connection and intimacy whereas men speak and hear a language of status and independence. John Gray, writing in Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, claims that women are more interested in people and feelings, and men are more interested in objects and things. The “things” Gray refers to include whatever can help men express power by creating results, achieving goals, and doing things by themselves. This is how men prove their competence and strengthen their egos.             These characteristics, as it turns out, answer several related questions, for example, “Why don’t men ever stop and ask for directions when they are lost?” Men take great pride in handling problems on their own. “Why involve others,” they might think, “when I can do it myself?” Asking others for help when they can do it themselves is perceived as a sign of weakness. Also, there is a great deal of pride to be gained from having resolved the problem of how to get there. (They seldom admit to being lost.) That is why, when in dialogue the men involved attempt to solve the problems their partners are facing. Women, on the other hand, enjoying intimacy or connection, spend a lot of time supporting, helping, and nurturing; thus, they see no problem in seeking others—especially when lost—who can offer these features. Sharing and relating is natural, easy, and proper.             Other related questions can be answered with the “intimacy versus independence” base. Women often wonder why men become absorbed in sports; men often wonder why women become absorbed in soap operas or romance novels. It should be clear with respect to interests in sports and soap operas, however, that they do not split evenly along genderbased lines. Many females enjoy sports; many males enjoy soap operas. But this does not explain the predominant gender-based interests. Think about it. Men value power, competency, efficiency, and achievement. These characteristics are clearly demonstrated on the athletic field. Women value love, communication, beauty, and relationships. These characteristics are clearly demonstrated in soap operas and romance novels. This is but one area where rules of communication collide.             Women use talk to build and sustain connections with others. Men use talk to convey information and establish their independent status. These differences, obviously, give rise to many others. With just these two ideas as starting points, however, the number of misunderstandings that are likely to follow is not surprising.                                     —Weaver, Understanding Interpersonal Communication, 7e, p. 253 In paragraph 1, the best paraphrase for the first sentence is:

Original text: Excerpt from Original Learning some items may interfere with retrieving others, especially when the items are similar. If someone gives you a phone number to remember, you may be able to recall it later. But if two more people give you their numbers, each successive number will be more difficult to recall. Such proactive interference occurs when something you learned earlier disrupts recall of something you experienced later. As you collect more and more information, your mental attic never fills, but it certainly gets cluttered. David G. Myers, Psychology   Which of the above paraphrases acceptable, paraphrase one, two, both, neither?

Read the original below and then decide if it’s acceptable. EVALUATING A PARAPHRASE FOR PLAGIARISM The piece of student writing below is a paraphrase of a source on the history of advertising. Evaluate the paraphrase and decide whether it would be considered an example of plagiarism. Original Source Everyone knows that advertising lies. That has been an article of faith since the Middle Ages — and a legal doctrine, too. Sixteenth-century English courts began the Age of Caveat Emptor by ruling that commercial claims — fraudulent or not — should be sorted out by the buyer, not the legal system. (“If he be tame and have ben rydden upon, then caveat emptor.”) In a 1615 case, a certain Baily agreed to transport Merrell’s load of wood, which Merrell claimed weighed 800 pounds. When Baily’s two horses collapsed and died, he discovered that Merrell’s wood actually weighed 2,000 pounds. The court ruled the problem was Baily’s for not checking the weight himself; Merrell bore no blame.   Cynthia Crossen, Tainted Truth   Student Paraphrase     According to Tainted Truth by Crossent, iIt is a well-known fact that advertising lies. This has been known ever since the Middle Ages. It is an article of faith as well as a legal doctrine. English courts in the sixteenth century started the Age of Caveat Emptor by finding that claims by businesses, whether legitimate or not, were the responsibility of the consumer, not the courts. For example, there was a case in which one person (Baily) used his horses to haul wood for a person named Merrell. Merrell told Baily that the wood weighed 800 pounds, but it actually weighed 2,000 pounds. Baily discovered this after his horses died. The court did not hold Merrell responsible; it stated that Baily should have weighed the wood himself instead of accepting Merrell’s word.