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What are the five problems faced by animals moving from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment that were discussed in class? For each problem, list at least one arthropod feature (present either in all arthropods or in a specific group) that helps them overcome the problem and briefly describe how. (Note: some arthropod features may work for more than one problem, but your description of how they help should be different for each.)

Spiders, horseshoe crabs, and lobsters are all Chelicerates.

It is hypothesized that vertebrate jaws evolved from

The slime produced by hagfishes is used as a(an)

A species in which eggs are retained within the mother and embryos are nourished by the egg’s yolk is called

Insect parasitoids are a type of parasite that

Insects respire using a series of tubes known as _________________.  Some spiders use a similar structure, but many also have a structure unique to spiders called ____________________.   [BlankX] [BlankY]

Vertebrate gills originated in pharyngeal slits used for filter feeding.

The pupa stage is seen in insects that undergo __________________ metamorphosis, while nymphs are seen in insects that undergo __________________ metamorphosis.     [blank1] [blank2]

The calcareous segments that make up the endoskeleton of an echinoderm are called ____________________.