“The black skin,” he stressed, “is not a badge of shame, but…

“The black skin,” he stressed, “is not a badge of shame, but rather a glorious symbol of national greatness.” –Marcus Garvey, 1920s. Garvey is “the most dangerous enemy of the Negro race. . . . He is either a lunatic or a traitor.” –W. E. B. Du Bois, responding to Garvey. The disagreement reflected in these passages centered on:

“Dare we reject it and break the heart of the world?” –Wood…

“Dare we reject it and break the heart of the world?” –Woodrow Wilson, addressing the Senate, July 1919. “I have always loved one flag, and I cannot share that devotion with a mongrel banner created for a League.” –Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, 1919. The two passages above most directly reflect a disagreement over: