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Describe lock-in effects and switching costs in terms of path dependence. Give a social or economic example.

Match each definition to the correct environmental sociological theory. Use each option once. Each correct pair is worth 0.5 point.

An airline advertises its flights as “zero-emission,” even though the flights still burn fossil fuel and release greenhouse gases. This misleading environmental marketing is called ________.

During a drought, farms in the same region suffer different losses. Some have secure access to irrigation water, while others do not. Which research approach best explains these differences from an environmental sociological perspective?

Two climate policies reduce emissions by the same amount. Policy A requires low-income households to pay a much larger share of their income than wealthy households. Policy B avoids this difference. Why should an environmental sociological evaluation distinguish between them?

Match each definition to the correct dimension of environmental justice. Use each option once. Each correct pair is worth 0.5 point.

Two regions have access to the same cleaner production technology. Only one combines it with enforceable environmental standards and public participation. Why might ecological modernization be more successful in that region?

A city asks tenants to reduce heating-related emissions, but landlords control building insulation and heating systems. Which policy most directly addresses this structural barrier?

A country exports timber to wealthy consumers abroad. Its residents consume few wood products, but logging causes severe forest loss. How can these two conditions occur together?

A buyer assumes that cobalt from industrial mines is free of environmental and social harms. Which finding in “The True Cost Of Mining Electric Car Battery Metals | True Cost | Insider News Marathon” most directly challenges this assumption?