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Throughout the course, we have examined the relationship between virtues and vices like conviction, dogmatism, apathy, open-mindedness, tradition, and group-think.  Explain some of the differences between these three: conviction, dogmatism, and apathy. Then argue for what you think is the ideal balance of intellectual character in a critical thinker. In your answer, you may draw on Duncan Pritchard, Eric Schwitzgebel, or other course materials.

Open-mindedness requires abandoning all strongly held beliefs

Psychological obstacles to critical thinking include various cognitive biases.

According to Vaughn, what are the two primary philosophical obstacles to critical thinking?

Inference to the best explanation aims to:

From the case study type the most concerning finding that should be reported to the RN for an adjustment to the care plan. [BLANK-1]    The nurse is caring for the patient admitted to the skilled care unit after having a CVA with right-sided hemiparesis and aphasia.    Time Assessment Interventions    0730 Awake and alert, unable to follow simple commands; BP 110/68, P 76, RR 16, Tympanic temp. 97.2°F (36.2°C); Fingerstick blood glucose 140 mg/dL. Up to chair with 2 assist. Some weight-bearing with left leg. Assisted with feeding by unlicensed assistive personnel following swallowing precautions. Suction at bedside.    0900 Incontinent of urine and stool while up in chair. Perineum reddened and irritated. Skin cleansed and dried. Adult brief applied. Returned to bed.    1200 Adult brief saturated with urine. Skin red and irritated in the perineum area; some raw areas of breakdown. Up to chair with 2 assist. Unable to follow commands upon transfer; limited weight-bearing. Physical therapy scheduled this afternoon.   

Which best describes reasoning/arguing by analogy?

A team trains a decoder-only Transformer for next-word prediction. During training, an implementation mistake allows each position to attend not only to earlier tokens but also to future ground-truth tokens.Training loss becomes unusually low, but generation quality at inference is disappointing.What is the best explanation?

Scenario D: Revenue Prediction (Regression)A business predicts weekly revenue using features like ad_spend, number_of_customers, and average_discount.Two models are evaluated on a held-out test set: Model A: R² = 0.62, RMSE = 18,000 Model B: R² = 0.58, RMSE = 16,000 Lower RMSE is better. Higher R² is better.If the business cares about minimizing typical dollar error in forecasts, they should prefer:

Which of the following is an example of social relativism?