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I am using a computer with a working webcam and microphone.

My phone, smartwatch, tablet, and other electronic devices are out of reach unless specifically permitted by my instructor.

I have a reliable internet connection.

All map projections perfectly preserve shape, area, distance, and direction without distortion.

Bar charts are generally more effective than pie charts for comparing the relative sizes of different categories.

Question 1 — GEM Outcome 1Demonstrate knowledge of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of a particular Social Science discipline.   Choose either the NASA Challenger or Columbia disaster. Your answer must address all three concepts: Normalization of Deviance, Culture of Production, and Structural Secrecy. For each of the three, identify a specific moment or decision from your chosen disaster that demonstrates it, and explain why that moment fits this concept specifically rather than one of the other two.

Explain why the figure you selected best follows the principle of proportional ink. Address the relationship between values and visible bar areas, the vertical-axis scale, and why the other figures are less appropriate.

Examine the scatterplot. Identify three Gestalt principles present in the figure and explain how each principle is represented visually. Your response should name three principles, connect each principle to a specific feature, and explain how that feature helps viewers perceive groups or relationships. Each adequately identified and explained principle is worth 8 points.

The figure contains at least four examples of chart junk. Identify and explain four unnecessary or distracting visual elements. For each example, describe the element, explain why it is unnecessary, distracting, redundant, or misleading, and briefly state how the figure could be improved. Each adequately identified and explained problem is worth 7 points.

What part of the skeleton is this?