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A very large population of desert pupfish living in a closed basin varies in their tolerance to salinity.  Individuals with at least one dominant copy of a factor known as “halorenal factor S”* have the ability to survive very high salinity water by producing salt crystals in their kidneys and excreting them.  Individuals who are homozygous recessive have reduced survivability, but still manage to reproduce in the spring when winter runoff dilutes the salty water.   Which Hardy-Weinberg conditions would likely be met, and which would not, and why? Choose only one of the “Met” or “not met” boxes, and defend your choice.   Condition Met? Not met? Why? Keep this short and simple and within the box No mutations       Random mating       No natural selection       Large pop size       No gene flow       *halorenal factor S, though totally plausible, is totally invented by me.

The nurse is identifying risk factors for liver disease among individuals who visit the community health center. Which does the nurse recognize as a factor contributing to increased risk among certain ethnic groups?

Frog species in the genus Rana are separated by reproductive barriers. Explain how behavioral isolation maintains species boundaries, and compare it to temporal isolation.

Describe how exon shuffling occurs and analyze its evolutionary significance. How might this process generate novel protein functions across lineages?

Describe how exon shuffling occurs and analyze its evolutionary significance. How might this process generate novel protein functions across lineages?

Pesticide resistance evolves in insect populations. Explain how natural selection acts on genetic variation to produce resistant populations, and evaluate why this is an example of microevolution.

The oxygen revolution enabled aerobic respiration. Explain how this adaptation transformed energy metabolism and evaluate its role in the rise of complex life.  

According to punctuated equilibrium, species change rapidly and then remain stable. Evaluate how fossil evidence supports or challenges this model compared to gradualism.

Unit 3B Test (MOM item) Password:  

Unit 3B Test (MOM item) Password: