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A nurse in a surgical preparation clinic is evaluating the medication and supplement list of a client scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The client reports daily use of garlic capsules, ginkgo biloba extract, and valerian tea. Which of these herbal supplements should the nurse flag for discontinuation prior to surgery due to specific safety risks? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse in a diabetes education clinic has been instructing a client recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on how to self-administer insulin injections. During a follow-up assessment, which observation best demonstrates that the client has successfully met the learning objectives?

A nurse in a surgical recovery care unit is managing a client prescribed codeine for postoperative pain control. Despite receiving the highest recommended dose, the client experiences no pain relief. Subsequent genetic testing indicates the client is a poor metabolizer of CYP2D6 substrates. Which explanation best accounts for the impact of this genetic variant on codeine’s lack of effectiveness?

What side effect is commonly associated with beta-adrenergic agonists but typically does not occur with beta-adrenergic antagonists?

What characteristic distinguishes albuterol from epinephrine in terms of adrenergic receptor activity?

What characteristic distinguishes fat-soluble vitamins from water-soluble vitamins?

A nurse in a clinical research oncology program is verifying informed consent documents for clients joining a phase II cancer drug study. Which components must be ensured in the informed consent process to meet ethical requirements? (Select all that apply.)

What cardiovascular response occurs when beta-1 adrenergic receptors are selectively stimulated?

A nurse in a neurology outpatient clinic is caring for a 38-year-old client recently diagnosed with epilepsy, prescribed carbamazepine, with HLA-B*1502 genetic testing recommended by the neurologist. The client is worried about who will access their genetic information. Which statement by the nurse best addresses the legal protections for pharmacogenetic testing under current U.S. regulations?

A nurse in a post-coronary intervention clinic is reviewing the medication profile of a client recently prescribed clopidogrel after coronary stent placement. The provider orders pharmacogenetic testing based on FDA recommendations. What is the most appropriate interpretation of the FDA’s pharmacogenetic recommendation for this client?