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Taken at face value, the first three versions of the cosmological argument are similar to _________ argument for the “prime mover.”

For Plato what aspects of the “intelligible realm” is controlled by the Form of the Good?

_______ argued that humans invented religion to escape their intolerable social conditions. Once we see this, we should reject religion as an escape and turn instead to the correction of those conditions that made such an escape necessary.

Confucius, a Chinese thinker in the sixth century BCE, believed that each individual has an impact on the well-being of society by fulfilling his or her role in relation to other people.

Voltaire was a deist.

Descartes thought that human existence could be reduced through science to the functioning of a mere machine.

The concept of an immortal, recurring soul (reincarnation or transmigration of souls) has appeared in multiple philosophical traditions. How has this concept been used to explain human knowledge, and what is one major weakness of this metaphysical view?

The god of Zoroastrianism is Ahura Mazda.

Descartes believed that beliefs could be justified by experience alone.

The “free will defense” (i.e., that there is evil in the world to serve as a contrast so that people would see and appreciate good) is, at best, a partial solution because not all evil is of our doing.