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Judicial Philosophy:  Originalists like the late SCOTUS Justice Antonin Scalia and the 2nd African-American Justice Clarence Thomas) tend to be ___________________.  This is because they think justices should interpret the original meaning of the Constitution and to respect the separation of powers in the Constitution (viz. Let states and Congress create laws).  “Living Constitutionalists” (judicial activists) think that the SCOTUS should use their power in decisions for the greater good of the country even if it means violating the  Constitutional rights of individuals, states, and Congress.  This philosophy of judicial activism that allows for five people on the Supreme Court to amend the Constitution and create laws through decisions might be justified by the theory of _____________________.       

Why did Natural Law Theorists like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison argue that private property rights are a fundamental, God-given right? 

When world leaders (e.g. President George W. Bush and Barack Obama) defend Islamism by saying that there are Christian extremists and Islamic extremists and you cannot fault the worldviews, what do we call this? 

OBJECTIONS TO NATURAL LAW THEORY:  Naturalistic Darwinism . A teleological view of human nature sees humanity and each individual as having a plan designed by God or a divine nature and that any deviation from the norm is to be considered morally wrong.  . Naturalistic Darwinism eliminated these from biology (and human natures, or a way humans ought to be).  

According to Kant, one should perform moral duty solely:

Distinguishing the value of humans from the value of animals:  Kant believed that we do not have any obligations to animals because they:

“If a man accepts the ethics of altruism, his first concern is not how to live his life, but how to sacrifice it. . . . Altruism erodes men’s capacity to grasp the value of an individual life; it reveals a mind from which the reality of a human being has been wiped out. . . . Altruism holds death as its ultimate goal and standard of value–and it is logical that renunciation, resignation, self-denial, and every other form of suffering, including self-destruction, are the virtue of its advocates.” Which philosopher wrote this? 

Which of the following (epistemological) theories states that all knowledge and justified belief is based in human experience?

Christianity is an example of the weak inventing rules and virtues because they were not strong enough to be warriors and have sex and create a kingdom by their own means. So, they invent the virtue of chastity and invent the rule to take care of the poor and weak and invent the rules like “do not steal” so they–the weak–will not be dominated by the strong in society.  “I regard Christianity as the most fatal and seductive lie that has ever existed—as the greatest and the most impious lie . . .” “The reality of Christian morality imposed upon Europe was “the most repugnant kind of degeneracy that civilization has ever brought into existence.” .  Who said this stuff?  

For want of a nail The shoe was lost; For want of a shoe The horse was lost; For want of a horse The rider was lost; For want of a rider The battle was lost; For want of a battle The Kingdom was lost; And all for the want of a horseshoe nail. This poem illustrates which objection to Act Utilitarianism? Presentation