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The author’s tone throughout the passage can best be described as:

Which of the following is an objective fact mentioned in paragraph 1?

Which of the following statements from the passage is an objective fact?

Reading between the lines of paragraph 2, what is the implied main idea regarding the actions of private security forces?

As used in paragraph 2, the word experiments most nearly means:

“’The mines eat men. Even when you have left them, the mines may still be eating you.’ I stayed there for fifteen years, and when I left, the gold that I had helped to dig up was gone to the four corners of the earth… But I had this coughing in my chest, and that has stayed with me.”  (Chapter 2)

Based on paragraph 2, how do pseudo-public spaces alter the identity of city dwellers?

“It was curious how some people had a highly developed sense of guilt… while others had none. Some people would agonise over minor slips or mistakes on their part, while others would feel quite unmoved by their own gross acts of betrayal or dishonesty.” (Chapter 5)

What is the overarching implied main idea of the entire passage?

PASSAGE 2: THE RISE OF AUTOMATION (Questions 16–30)   For over a century, factories have relied on a steady workforce of human laborers to assemble goods, package products, and manage equipment. This system created millions of stable, middle-class jobs. However, a growing trend in modern industry suggests that the traditional factory worker is quickly disappearing. Today, companies are replacing human hands with automation, which means using advanced machinery, computer software, and intelligent robots to complete physical tasks. Managers support this shift because automatic machines can work twenty-four hours a day without taking breaks, making production much faster and reducing costly manufacturing errors.   On the other side of the issue, labor groups and community leaders express deep worry about this rapid change. They point out that while a robot increases a company’s profits, it permanently eliminates the livelihood of ordinary workers. In some industrial towns, when a major factory automates its assembly lines, local unemployment rates rise immediately. These critics argue that society is not prepared for the massive job loss caused by technology, leaving older workers without choices because they cannot easily train for highly technical computer careers.   A technology trade magazine recently published an article defending these new machines, stating: “Either our nation embraces full factory automation immediately to stay ahead of international competition, or we choose to become a completely broke, third-world country with no economic future.” Furthermore, some factory owners suggest that robots actually help laborers by taking over the most dangerous, repetitive, and unhealthy jobs in the plant. The debate over automation remains a major social challenge, showing how modern progress can create immense wealth for corporations while causing financial instability for the traditional working class.