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List three points during sea urchin fertilization where species specific signals are required (names of specific molecules not necessary), and how these signals act to ensure species recognition.    

List and describe the three primary cell movements that are part of zebrafish gastrulation.    

11. Which condition causes the lungs to remove carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism?

38. The nurse auscultates normal soft low-pitched breath sounds throughout the posterior and lateral thoraxes. What is the name of this sound?

The figure below illustrates A) normal development of a sea urchin embryo, B) development of the isolated animal hemisphere and C) development of the animal hemisphere + micromeres. Note that sea urchins are triploblasts and form all three germ layers (blue = ectoderm, yellow = endoderm, red = mesoderm). While the animal half of an early sea urchin embryo does not gastrulate, and does not form a normal larva when isolated, the micromeres can rescue gastrulation and development of the animal half; the resulting larva does have mesoderm, but is lacking endoderm. See the picture below. You find that the Delta protein is expressed in the micromeres of an intact sea urchin embryo.  You know that Delta is a signaling molecule that activates the Notch receptor on adjacent cells and you hypothesize that Delta from the micromeres is interacting with Notch on the veg2 cells to specify the secondary mesodermal (from veg2) fate.  B) Describe a ‘loose it’ experiment that would show that the interaction of Delta and Notch on adjacent cells is necessary for the rescuing ability of the micromeres.  Note that you cannot make genetic mutants in sea urchins, so don’t propose that!  Include a result that would be consistent with your hypothesis and one that is inconsistent with your hypothesis.     

42. Solve 4 ounces is equal to how many mL?

2. Clubbing of the nails is most commonly associated with which condition?

In sea urchins, the primary gastrulation movement that brings mesendoderm cells to the inside is invagination.  Why do you think invagination is not used in zebrafish gastrulation? 

16. Which intervention is appropriate to include in the plan of care for a patient experiencing narcolepsy?

31. The patient presents to the clinic with reports of irritability, being sleepy during the day, chronically not being able to fall asleep, and being tired. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse document in the plan of care?