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Which of the following is categorized as a Non-Runtime Quality Attribute?

Question 2 – 9 Points StudyForge, Inc. is a for-profit Madison startup that sells an Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) study app to college students for $14.99 per month. StudyForge trained its AI model on approximately 40,000 copyrighted college textbooks. It obtained them by scanning used copies, without licenses from the publishers. A student can type a prompt such as “Summarize Chapter 7 of Principles of Business Law, 12th edition.” The app then produces a detailed, section-by-section summary that follows the chapter’s organization, uses the textbook’s own examples and hypotheticals, and sometimes reproduces several paragraphs word-for-word. StudyForge’s advertising campaign on campus uses the slogan “Why pay $250 for the textbook? Skip it.” In the two semesters since StudyForge launched, sales of the publishers’ textbooks at participating universities fell sharply. The publishers’ own licensed digital study guides lost subscribers as well. Several textbook publishers sued StudyForge for copyright infringement. StudyForge concedes that it copied the books but argues that its use is a fair use because it is “educational,” because AI training is transformative, and because textbooks are mostly factual. REQUIRED – 9 Points: Will StudyForge’s fair use defense likely succeed? Identify each of the fair use factors, discuss each factor separately, and explain how a court would likely weigh each factor on these facts.

Question 4 – 8 Points Mendota Coffee Roasters, LLC roasts coffee for cafés across Wisconsin and regularly buys green (unroasted) coffee beans from importers. Mendota sent a signed purchase order to Kickapoo Bean Importers, Inc., a green coffee importer, for 2,000 pounds of green coffee beans at $4.10 per pound, with payment “net 30 days after delivery.” The purchase order was for a single shipment and said nothing about future purchases. Kickapoo responded with its standard acknowledgment form: “We accept your order. Payment is due on delivery. BY PLACING THIS ORDER, BUYER AGREES TO PURCHASE A MINIMUM OF 2,000 POUNDS OF GREEN COFFEE PER MONTH FROM SELLER, AT SELLER’S THEN-CURRENT PRICES, FOR THE NEXT 24 MONTHS.” Mendota did not respond. Kickapoo shipped the beans, and Mendota accepted them. The next month, Mendota bought its beans from a different importer. Kickapoo now demands that Mendota buy 2,000 pounds per month for the next 24 months, nearly $200,000 of coffee at current prices, and threatens to sue for breach. Mendota also insists that it has 30 days to pay for the first shipment. REQUIRED – 8 Points: (a) (3 Points) Was a contract formed? (b) (3 Points) Is the 24-month minimum purchase requirement part of the contract? (c) (2 Points) When must Mendota pay for the first shipment?

Question 5 – 6 Points Since 2015, Northwoods Outfitters, Inc. has sold high-end insulated coolers with a white body and a distinctive bright “safety orange” lid. The color has no effect on the coolers’ insulation, durability, or cost. No other cooler maker used an orange lid. Northwoods has spent millions on advertising built around the slogan “Look for the orange lid,” and outdoor magazines routinely call its product “the orange-lid cooler.” In a 2025 consumer survey commissioned by Northwoods, 68% of cooler buyers identified a white cooler with an orange lid as a Northwoods product. Northwoods never registered the color with the USPTO. In 2026, Glacier Gear Co. began selling white coolers with a nearly identical orange lid, at about half Northwoods’ price, at the same outdoor retailers. Glacier prints its own name in small letters on the side. Several online reviews of Glacier coolers say “not the real Northwoods — I got fooled.” Northwoods sued Glacier under the Lanham Act. Glacier argues: (A) a color can never be a trademark, and Northwoods never registered it anyway; and (B) even if Northwoods has a trademark, Glacier did not infringe it because Glacier’s name appears on its coolers. REQUIRED – 6 Points: Will Northwoods prevail? Discuss Glacier’s defenses (A) and (B), including what is required to claim trademark protection and whether Northwoods meets those requirements.                

Water vapor in the atmosphere is called _____.

A system is best described as _____.

About half of Earth’s crust consists of compounds containing _____.

Air flow is initiated by the _____.

Which of the following is not a reason for the energy deficit in the polar regions?

A hypothesis is best described as _____.