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The distal humerus articulates with the:

A vervet monkey who calls out a warning when a predator is sighted is more likely to be eaten by a predator.  What concept best explains how this behavior is selected for by natural selection?

You are given a primate skeleton, and you make several observations.  The dental formula is 2123, the individual is quadrupedal, and has a tail.  You classify this primate as which of the following?

Fish, birds, mammals, and reptiles all exhibit two sexes, but the means by which sexes are biologically produced are quite different (environmental stimuli, sex chromosomes, incubation temperature, etc.).  What does this imply about sexual reproduction?

What are the three necessary and sufficient conditions for natural selection?

A Mediterranean island experiences a decline in its annual rainfall.  As a response to drier conditions, trees on the island produce thicker, more fibrous seed pods.  A researcher studying the birds on the island notices that in subsequent years, most of the birds have deeper and wider beaks.  She hypothesizes that these larger beaks let birds effectively eat the thicker seed pods.  Which mode of natural selection does this example illustrate?

A woman has type B blood and is a heterozygote.  A man has type O blood.  What is the probability that their offspring will have type O blood?

Humans and kangaroos are both bipeds.  Although this trait is the same in both species, it is not derived from a common ancestor.  This is an example of

Without sexual reproduction,

Which binomials are factors of the polynomial shown?  The x-axis spans from negative 4 to beyond 2, and the y-axis spans from below negative 5 to 10. The x-axis has a scale of 2 in increments of 0.5 and the y-axis has a scale of 5 in increments of 1. The green polynomial function has a local minimum at (negative 2, 0) and a local maximum at (0, 8). The function decreases from the top left of the second quadrant, reaching its minimum, then increases to its maximum on the y-axis before decreasing again, passing through the point (1, 0) and continuing into the fourth quadrant. The curve continues to extend out of view in both directions.