What are the four molecules/atoms in general that are bonded…

What are the four molecules/atoms in general that are bonded to the core carbon in any amino acid? Either list them or request a piece of paper to draw an example molecule. Describe the features of the steps of folding of proteins from simple amino acids (that is, primary, secondary, and tertiary structure). What is the key difference betwixt tertiary and quaternary structure? For two points of EXTRA CREDIT, what step or steps are affected when a protein is said to be “denatured”? Please answer the extra credit in the separate entry below.

Define/explain in a couple of sentences how dehydration synt…

Define/explain in a couple of sentences how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis work. What is the molecule common to aiding both of them? What is an example of a monosaccharide that could be synthesized into larger molecules (disaccharides or polysaccharides)? What is an example of a disaccharide (think common, in the kitchen) that could be decomposed into smaller molecules (and is when you eat it)?