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A patient is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis and their ventilatory rate is noted to be rapid and deep. The BEST explanation for the increased ventilatory rate is:

A patient has a 2 day history of black, tarry diarrhea, nausea, and anorexia. The patient is pale and weak, and reports a history of moderate alcohol use. Vitals are BP 110/64, HR 110, RR 20. The paramedic should suspect:

You are treating a patient with a history of renal failure who is currently dehydrated. Which of the following is the MOST important consideration for this patient in terms of administration of IV fluid?

Kussmaul respirations are associated with:

A 68-year-old has new onset right sided paralysis and facial droop that started 30 minutes ago. The patient is anxious but alert. Vitals are BP 180/90, HR 110, RR 20, SPo2 96% on room air, CBG 99. The paramedic should:

The desired effect of glucagon is:

An adult male patient is complaining of a sharp, shooting pain in his flank radiating toward his medial pelvis, as well as nausea and pain when trying to urinate. The paramedic should suspect:

Your patient is presenting with sudden and severe swelling of the floor of their mouth and under the chin. The paramedics highest concern should be:

Which of the following assessments findings would be associated more with chronic renal failure than acute renal failure?

A 31-year-old patient is in the emergency department complaining of a fever and severe lower right quadrant abdominal pain that they rate as a 9 out of 10. The patient tells you that they have suffered from dull, generalized abdominal discomfort for approximately 7 hours and in the past hour the pain focused and intensified just below the beltline on their right side. The paramedic should suspect: