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Endospores are problematic in the food industry.  Which of the following is NOT a true statement?

We looked at several examples of autoimmune diseases – lupus, RA, and MS to name a few.   What is the basic premise behind an autoimmune disease?  What is happening in the body?

How does herd immunity protect vulnerable members of a population who cannot get vaccinated against a disease?

Bonus Questions (answer any, all, or none…  they will not count against you no matter what you do!): 1.  List all of Koch’s postulates. 2.  Why do we “fix” bacteria? 3.  Explain the fluid mosaic model. 4.  What is a chemoheterotroph? 5.  What are the 4 stages of growth for bacterial cultures?PLEASE REMEMBER:  After you submit the test, you will see a score.  This is the score you earned NOT INCLUDING the short answer questions (14 points).  Your score will go UP once I have graded the remainder of the test.  So don’t freak out.  😉

Metabolism is the sum total of all reactions in a living organism.  It can be divided into two different types of reactions.  The building of complex molecules from simpler ones is called (1 word) _______ Conversely, the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones is called (1 word) _______

One unique trait of bacteria is that some may alter chemicals during the active transport process, rendering it unable to escape one it is inside of the cell.  What is this called?

You would like to make a 1:20 dilution.  You have 10 mL of bacterial culture and an unlimited amount of diluent.  Explain how you would make a 1:20 dilution. Make sure you note how much diluent you would need and how much aliquot (sample).  You may choose to draw this on a piece of paper and upload a picture if you have enough time, but explaining in words will be fine! (I am NOT looking for a serial dilution, just a regular dilution ratio!)

What is being shown in the picture below?

All of the types of microscopy below are used in lab to identify microorganisms.  Which one are YOU using in lab, and which most labs use as a first step?

List 2 functions of the cell wall in bateria.