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Other explorers reached the Americas before Columbus.  

The Thirty Years War saw:  

A nation’s wealth depended on its amount of silver and gold. What does this describe?

Our author explains biodiversity loss now requires “priority rankings”—we lack resources to save everything. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses threat magnitude and recovery likelihood. But our author notes other factors might matter: ecological value, economic value, aesthetic value, cultural significance, public support, native vs. invasive status, and species complexity.Consider a situation in which you are in the position to allocate $10 million in species preservation funding. You have these three options (you can fund only one):A: Florida bonneted bat—native, highly endangered, pollinator, moderate ecological value. Success probability: 60%. Limited public support.B: American burying beetle—native, highly endangered, decomposer, moderate ecological value. Success probability: 85%. Virtually no public support.C: Red wolf—native, critically endangered, keystone predator, major ecological value. Success probability: 30%. Ranchers (about 10% of the state’s population) strongly oppose, but strong support from the non-ranching public.Which do you choose and why? Identify which priority criteria from our author matter most to your decision, explain why you’re weighting those over others, and evaluate whether your reasoning is logically consistent.⚠️ Reminder: Submitting any part of this Learning Evaluation created in whole or part using AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Copilot, etc.) or AI-enhanced writing/translation platforms (e.g., Grammarly, QuillBot, DeepL, Google Translate, Wordtune, Microsoft Editor, etc.) is a violation of this course’s Academic Integrity policy (see Syllabus).Like other forms of plagiarism, it is considered academic misrepresentation or fraud—because you are submitting work generated by someone or something else as your own. This includes editing suggestions or rephrasings produced by AI-based writing assistants.If you’re ever unsure whether something you’re using is allowed, ask first.

Queen Nzinga of Ndongo fought the ________________ for control of the _____________ in her country.

A 32-year-old female complains of sharp, stabbing pain in the left side of her chest and difficulty breathing. She recently fractured her left tibia, and she has a cast on her leg. You auscultate clear lung sounds. Her vital signs are P 94, R 26, BP 118/64, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should suspect:

Nerve pathways from the gallbladder share pathways that sense shoulder pain. This commonly leads to:

Consider this scenario.  A proposed wilderness designation would protect critical habitat for the Canada lynx, an imperiled species. However, the designation would prevent logging operations that provide 200 jobs in a rural community with 25% unemployment and no other major employers. The timber company argues that this is exactly the problem with biocentric reasoning—it prioritizes animals over human livelihoods.Explain why our author thinks biocentric arguments are necessary even though anthropocentric arguments exist. Then evaluate the scenario: If we take our author’s biocentric reasoning seriously, how should we think about this tradeoff between lynx habitat and human jobs? Does accepting that animals and ecosystems have inherent worth mean their interests can override significant human economic harm?  Make sure you focus your discussion on our author’s framework for approaching this dilemma (not your own opinion, although you’re welcome to share that!)⚠️ Reminder: Submitting any part of this Learning Evaluation created in whole or part using AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Copilot, etc.) or AI-enhanced writing/translation platforms (e.g., Grammarly, QuillBot, DeepL, Google Translate, Wordtune, Microsoft Editor, etc.) is a violation of this course’s Academic Integrity policy (see Syllabus).Like other forms of plagiarism, it is considered academic misrepresentation or fraud—because you are submitting work generated by someone or something else as your own. This includes editing suggestions or rephrasings produced by AI-based writing assistants.If you’re ever unsure whether something you’re using is allowed, ask first.

What did the Edict of Nantes in 1598 do?  

According to our author, _____________ is described as having kicked off the current wilderness debate with an influential 1989 article titled “Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique”?