Blog

Scenario: AS X learns the SAME prefix from a customer AS, a peer AS, and a provider AS at the same moment. Which path will X most likely install for forwarding, and why? 

A user’s laptop opens two TCP connections from the same browser to the same web server (203.0.113.10, 443). The kernel assigns source ports 51500 and 51501. Which statement explains why the server can keep the two connections distinct?

A NAT-enabled home router translates between a private home network and the public Internet. When a device inside the home network sends a packet outward, which fields in the packet does the NAT typically rewrite?

Suppose a research group designs NextTransport, a new transport protocol that is provably faster and more efficient than TCP under every measured workload. Based on EvoArch’s reasoning, why might NextTransport still fail to gain wide adoption on the Internet?

From the leaky/token bucket comparison: how does the LEAKY bucket output differ from the TOKEN bucket output?

A learning bridge maintains a forwarding table that maps MAC addresses to ports. When a frame arrives whose destination MAC is already in the table, what does the bridge do?

From the import/export policy figure: AS X learns a route to prefix p from one of its CUSTOMERS. To which neighbors will X export p, in the standard Gao–Rexford convention?

EvoArch models competition between protocols at the same layer. Under this model, when do two protocols compete?

In DRR, each flow has a QUANTUM Q (bytes added to its credit per round) and a DEFICIT counter. What problem does the deficit counter solve compared to plain round robin?

Why does the count-to-infinity scenario take MANY iterations to converge instead of jumping straight to the correct 51?