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Data documentation is optional if the analyst plans to share the cleaned dataset with colleagues.

A dataset of employee salaries has 15% of its age values missing. Describe TWO different strategies for handling these missing values. For each strategy, explain when it is appropriate and what risk it introduces.

A professor collects exam scores from 30 students. The mean score is 72 and the median is 65. What does this difference tell you about the distribution? What additional statistic(s) would you calculate to further understand the shape, and why?

In R’s tidyverse, which dplyr function keeps only rows that meet a condition?

Based upon the following patient information, calculate the patient’s static lung compliance: exhaled tidal volume (VT) is 675 mL, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 28 cm H2O, plateau pressure (Pplat) is 8 cm H2O, and PEEP is set at 5 cm H2O.

The mean is always a value that appears in the dataset.

You have learned both Python (pandas) and R (tidyverse) for data tasks. Describe one task where you would prefer Python and one where you would prefer R. Justify each choice based on the tools’ actual strengths — not personal preference alone.

Removing outliers is always the correct approach to handling extreme values.

Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar air into the blood primarily across the walls of the [BLANK-1].

What is the classification for Vitamin B3?