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Conversion of the “indifferent” gonad into a testis depends on the presence of the _________.

Which of the following is false regarding the follicular phase?    a. It occurs from ovulation to the first day of the next menstrual cycle.    b. Ovarian follicles begin to grow during this phase.    c. It includes the menstrual phase.    d. It includes the proliferative phase of the cycle.    e. Progesterone concentrations are low in this phase.

In which skeletal muscle band are no thin filaments typically found? You can just write the letter of the band.  __________

Which chemical causes an inhibition of the release of ACh?    a. Curare    b. Black widow spider toxin    c. Botulinum toxin    d. Nerve gas    e. Some pesticides

During a specific time of the menstrual cycle, both a steroid hormone and the gonadotropins increase at about the same time.  Of what phenomenon is this an example? ____________

All of the following can be used to describe the length-tension relationship for skeletal muscle except:    a. It exhibits an optimal muscle length for tension generation.    b. It can be explained using the sliding filament mechanism.    c. At lengths less than optimal the tension generated is reduced.    d. At lengths greater than optimal the tension generated is greatest.    e. All of those mentioned are true.

Write out the HPG axis for the human female specifically. Include all relevant anatomical structures, all relevant hormones involved.  Spell out all hormones in the axis.  You can write the axis as a flow chart if you would like.  Also, write out one example of a long negative feedback loop and one example of an ultra-short negative feedback loop.  For the feedback loops, just state which specific hormone feeds back to which specific gland. 

Fill in the following:     Stimulus: _______ (Remember to say if the stimulus is increased or decreased)     Endocrine gland activated: _______      Hormone released: _______     Target organ(s) affected: _______     Response:  Increased reabsorption of sodium 

The band that contains actin and spans two sarcomeres is the _______ band.  You can just write the letter of the band.

Which of the following can alter the strength of skeletal muscle contraction?    a. Frequency of stimulation    b. Fiber diameter    c. Length of the fiber at the onset of contraction    d. Extent of fatigue    e. All of those mentioned above can alter contraction strength.