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As I discuss in my Lecture, some extremist Muslims have said they want to kill those who “insult” Islam by visually depicting Muhammad (e.g. in cartoons or magazine articles).Why is this a mistaken view/interpretation of Muhammad’s teachings (as reflected in the hadith)?⚠️ Reminder: This Learning Evaluation is a CLOSED-BOOK, CLOSED-NOTE, CLOSED-INTERNET.The use of any unauthorized aid is strictly prohibited. This includes all generative AI tools (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, etc.), AI-enhanced writing/editing tools, or any external person/resource.Like other forms of plagiarism, using AI tools or other unauthorized aid is academic misrepresentation or fraud—because you are submitting work generated by someone or something else as your own (see Syllabus).

What physical exam finding would you expect in a patient that presents with acute renal failure from a post-renal cause?

A 54-year-old man presents to the clinic with progressive right-sided flank pain and difficulty urinating for the past two days. He reports intermittent nausea but no fever. Physical exam reveals tenderness in the right flank and a palpable abdominal mass. Laboratory studies show an elevated serum creatinine and mild electrolyte abnormalities. Urinalysis is unremarkable. What is the initial imaging study of choice to evaluate this condition?

Which of the following would most likely be the presentation of pain in a patient with acute renal colic?

A 3-year-old male is in the pediatric ICU for strep pneumonia and is on the ventilator. He is receiving IV ampicillin for his pneumonia and is on IV pantoprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis while on the ventilator. Although he is on day 4 of the antibiotics, you notice he has spiked a fever today and developed a maculopapular rash. You order a CBC, CMP and a UA. His WBC count is 11 and his eosinophil count is 7% (normal 0-5%). His serum creatinine has increased to 1.9. He also has many WBCs in his urine. You are concerned for:

A patient postoperatively is noted to be producing < 400 mL of urine daily. The patient's serum BUN to creatinine ratio is noted to be 32. Additionally, the patient's blood and urine testing reveal a reduced fractional excretion of sodium (FENa < 1%). Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient's renal failure?

A patient you have treated for several years has a past medical history of Sjogren’s and repeated episodes of nephrolithiasis. She presents today with hematuria and states she thinks she passed a stone during the night. She denies any other complaints. You decide to order a UA and a BMP, which returns with a urine pH of 7.0, serum potassium level is 3.2 and hypercalcemic. What is the likely cause of her repeated nephrolithiasis?

A 66-year-old male is seen pre-operatively for clearance for his right total knee replacement. Pre-operative exam includes routine labs and UA. These show mild normocytic normochromic anemia, normal electrolytes, slight elevation in BUN and SCr, and a GFR of 54. Urine is positive for protein. Past medical history includes diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. What stage is his chronic kidney disease currently?

Initial management of polycystic kidney disease includes treatment of hypertension, restricted salt intake and increased fluid intake. What other patient education should be included when counseling your patient?

Indications for dialysis include: