Blog

The reservoir of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, are…

Patient 1: There are multiple serotypes of this pathogen.  You determine that your patient is infected with Serotype C.  Based on the results below, what conclusions can you draw?  Choose all that apply. Figure 1: Virulence difference among Serotype A-E.  Mice were injected with 104 virions of each serotype and observed for 20 days. (n=10)

Patient 3: The patient agrees to the flu vaccine, but says she does not need the shingles vaccine because she had chicken pox as a child and therefore already has immunity.  You explain to her that this virus has a genome and is a virus that will infect them for the rest of their lives and can reactivate to cause shingles.

Patient 3: Based on your knowledge of viruses and the influenza virus in particular (which contains a segmented (-) ssRNA genome), label components of the flu causative agent below. A: B: C: D: E:

Patient 1: In order to diagnose the patient you order an NS1 test.  This is an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that detects the presence of the viral protein NS1.  Describe the steps of this assay and how it can be used to diagnose a patient.  For full credit make sure your answer addresses the following: What type of EIA did you order? (one phrase max) Describe how the test works on a molecular level. (eight sentences max) Describe what a positive test result looks like. (one sentence max) Describe what a negative test result looks like. (one sentence max)

Patient 1: When the virus infects a cell there are two potential mechanisms that our immune system can use to respond to the infected cell.  Describe one of these immune responses.  For full credit make sure your answer addresses the following: Name the most critical immune cell in each of the two response options and identify them as part of our innate or adaptive immune response. (two sentences max) Clearly identify which of the two responses are going to choose to describe further (one phrase max) Describe the response, be sure to include all cells, proteins and interactions involved in the response. Write all terms out in full, only use abbreviations on the second use of a term. (eight sentence max)

Patient 2: Explain to the nurse how you diagnosed the patient.  For full credit make sure your answer addresses the following: Compare and contrast food poisoning and food infections. (four sentences max) Name one virulence factor associated with food poisoning. (one phrase max) Name one virulence factor associated with food infections. (one phrase max) Provide three pieces of evidence from the patient’s chart to support your diagnosis. (three sentences max)

Patient 3: The flu is caused by and shingles are caused by .

Serological precipitation tests work by…

Patient 3: Another pathogen that causes a lifelong infection and can reactivate from nerve cells to cause symptoms is .