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A nurse is preparing to administer glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) 20 mg subcutaneously once daily to a client with multiple sclerosis. The medication is available as 40 mg/mL in a prefilled syringe. How many mL should the nurse administer? (only place numeric value in the blank)

 I have neither witnessed nor participated in any dishonest work during this exam.  If you have witnessed or participated in any dishonest work, please report this information to Dr. Bonfe. Your information will remain confidential. Evidence of dishonest work will result in a score of 0 for the exam.  YES- “I did not witness or participate in dishonest work” NO- ” I witnessed or participated in dishonest work and plan to report this information to Dr. Bonfe” 

A 22-year-old client presents to the clinic with increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, and fatigue. The client has no significant past medical history. Laboratory results show fasting blood glucose of 286 mg/dL and HbA1c of 9.2%.  Complete the following by selecting from the choices below 1 potential condition, 2 actions the nurse would immediately take to address the condition, and 2 parameters the nurse would monitor to assess the client’s progress. Please list the letters out in capitals in the text box of your selected answers. Potential Diagnoses (Choose 1)  A. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus  B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  C. Gestational Diabetes  D. Hypoglycemia  E. Metabolic syndrome  Parameters to Monitor (Choose 2)  F. Blood glucose levels  G. Serum calcium  H. Lipid profile  I. Serum potassium  J. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)  K. Blood pressure  Priority Interventions (Choose 2)  L. Administer subcutaneous insulin  M. Initiate oral hypoglycemic medication  N. Provide education on carbohydrate counting  O. Encourage smoking cessation only  P. Teach foot care and daily inspection  Q. Refer to a dietitian for nutrition planning 

Which statement made by the client would indicate to the nurse that teaching has been effective regarding the management of low back pain? Select all that apply.  

15. A patient has abnormally low numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets due to damage to red bone marrow. Which normal function has been impaired? A) Production of the formed elements of bloodB) Storage of mature antibodiesC) Production of only red blood cellsD) Filtration of lymph

22. A patient has elevated carbon dioxide levels due to inadequate ventilation. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in which form? A) As free CO₂ gas dissolved in plasmaB) Bound directly to oxygen moleculesC) As bicarbonate ionsD) As carbon dioxide stored inside platelets

A patient with an autoimmune disorder has impaired antibody production. Which component of the adaptive immune system is most directly affected? A) Cytotoxic T lymphocytesB) Natural killer cellsC) B lymphocytes and plasma cellsD) Physical barriers of innate immunity

31. A patient has damage to the nerve that provides the primary motor innervation to the diaphragm. The patient has difficulty initiating normal inspiration. Which nerve has most likely been affected? A) Phrenic nerveB) Tracheal nerveC) Laryngeal nerveD) Pulmonary nerve  

17. A patient develops a bacterial infection, and laboratory testing shows increased production of antibodies against the pathogen. Which cells are primarily responsible for producing these antibodies? A) B lymphocytes that differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cellsB) Neutrophils that release antibodies after engulfing bacteriaC) Macrophages that transform directly into plasma cellsD) Cytotoxic T cells that secrete antibodies into the bloodstream

26. A patient develops severe respiratory distress because the alveoli repeatedly collapse after exhalation. Laboratory testing reveals inadequate production of surfactant. What is the most likely explanation? A) Surfactant increases surface tension and causes alveoli to become rigidB) Surfactant prevents oxygen from crossing the respiratory membraneC) Surfactant reduces surface tension and helps prevent alveolar collapseD) Surfactant blocks mucus from entering the nasal cavity