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A team of community health nurses is considering the implementation of new programs in their community, and they are formulating research questions. Which of the following would represent the “T” in their PICOT questions?

Which is the best way to prevent lumen occlusion when caring for a PICC line?

The Emergency room receives a radio call advising of a vehicle accident involving a tour bus.  The incident command center convenes and activates the disaster plan. You have been given the assignment of triage nurse and have just received the first three patients with triage tags.  Patient 1 –           Patient 2 –           Patient 3 –  Name: Michael Smith Age: 55 Major Injuries: RT Lower Extremity Allergy: N/A Vital Signs: 97.8, 102, 22, 148/96, 97% Notes: ALOx4, profuse bleeding from leg Name: Ann Taylor Age: 22 Major Injuries: Abdomen  Allergy: N/A Vital Signs: 99.2, 118, 28, 102/52, 90% Notes: Cullen’s sign, Skin – pale, drowsy  Name: John Doe Age: 6 Major Injuries: Laceration to Rt Temporal Area, Compound Fracture, Unresponsive Allergy: N/A Vital Signs: 96.5, 166, 36, 52/unable to obtain, 89%  YELLOW – DELAYED RED – IMMEDIATE BLACK – DECEASED After the patient’s initial assessments and triage decisions were made, the patients are taken to the appropriate staged areas for additional treatment. You are reassigned to complete a secondary survey of the stabilized patients. The secondary survey is comprised of which assessment items? Select all that apply 

The Emergency room receives a radio call advising of a vehicle accident involving a tour bus.  The incident command center convenes and activates the disaster plan. You have been given the assignment of triage nurse and have just received the first three patients with triage tags.  Patient 1 –           Patient 2 –           Patient 3 –  Name: Michael Smith Age: 55 Major Injuries: RT Lower Extremity Allergy: N/A Vital Signs: 97.8, 102, 22, 148/96, 97% Notes: ALOx4, profuse bleeding from leg Name: Ann Taylor Age: 22 Major Injuries: Abdomen  Allergy: N/A Vital Signs: 99.2, 118, 28, 102/52, 90% Notes: Cullen’s sign, Skin – pale, drowsy  Name: John Doe Age: 6 Major Injuries: Laceration to Rt Temporal Area, Compound Fracture, Unresponsive Allergy: N/A Vital Signs: 96.5, 166, 36, 52/unable to obtain, 89%  YELLOW – DELAYED RED – IMMEDIATE BLACK – DECEASED For the immediate patient, the nurse needs to stabilize the life-threatening injuries. Prioritize the following interventions: 

A nurse is assisting in triaging during a disaster situation using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatments (START) method. One of the clients is ambulatory, with a respiratory rate of 34 breaths/min, abrasions to the arms and face, and hearing loss. Which of the following color triage tags will the nurse place on this client?

A public health nurse is evaluating a new screening program for type 2 diabetes that uses a blood test with high sensitivity but only moderate specificity. The program identifies a large number of individuals as “positive,” but follow-up diagnostic testing reveals that many of them do not actually have diabetes. Which interpretation by the nurse best reflects an understanding of the test’s screening characteristics?

A community health nurse is developing a program to reduce the incidence of breast cancer–related mortality in a county with high rates of late-stage diagnosis. Which planned activity best demonstrates the use of secondary prevention for this public health problem?

In the reading by Meyers (The Rise of the Precautionary Principle), the author claims

The table below lists the lethal dose (LD50) values for various compounds. Based on these numbers, which compound is the MOST toxic by weight? Compound Found in LD50 Acetylsalicylic acid Aspirin 200 mg/kg Chlorine (CI2) fumes Bleach 850 mg/kg Caffeine Coffee 140 mg/kg Ethanol Alcoholic drinks 7060 mg/kg Gyromitrin Mushrooms 200 mg/kg

In class we discussed the increase in cases of microcephaly in babies born in Brazil in 2015. Some individuals thought this increase was due to a mosquito borne disease called Zika. Others were concerned that a mosquito larvicide (Pyriproxyfen) was responsible for the increased microcephaly. In this case the statement that Pyriproxyfen causes microcephaly is a [ans1].  To try to get at the answer for what is causing the increased cases of microcephaly, scientists have looked regionally at the frequency of microcephaly cases and frequency of the larvicide use, with the idea that if there were a positive relationship between the two, that would give [ans2] . Scientists have also done controlled laboratory studies in which they have exposed laboratory animals to the Zika virus and found those exposed to the virus during pregnancy had offspring with a higher incidence of microcephaly, suggesting a [ans3] between the zika virus and the microcephaly condition in the laboratory animals.