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Explain the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules in terms of affinity for water.

Describe the function of chloroplasts. Also, which organisms have chloroplasts?

Which of these images best represents the chromosomal makeup of a cell that has just completed mitosis? Explain how you know.

During a positive feedback loop a hormone will inhibit its own production if the circulating concentration becomes too large.

What is ONE similarity between the process of oxidative phosphorylation (from aerobic respiration) and the process of photophosphorylation (from photosynthesis)?

Both facilitated diffusion and active transport… 

Wave summation occurs when muscle fibers are stimulated before they have had a chance to completely relax.

BONUS QUESTION: What are two things you learned this semester that I didn’t ask you on the final? You can earn up to two bonus points.

When you drink coffee, caffeine binds to the places where the ligand adenosine normally binds. When adenosine can’t bind where it normally does, your brain doesn’t receive a signal of drowsiness, so you stay alert. What is caffeine acting as?

_____________ cells have no nucleus or other organelles. They contain a nucleoid region, ribosomes, a cell membrane, and a cell wall. Examples of these types of cells include bacteria and Archaea.