A medical doctor believes that the presence of aromatherapy…

A medical doctor believes that the presence of aromatherapy will reduce the anxiety of first-time mothers-to-be during labor and will increase their reported satisfaction with their care at his hospital. He randomly assigns mothers to give birth in a room either with or without aromatherapy. What is the independent variable in this example?    

Dr. Watson wanted to know which gender was better at sharing…

Dr. Watson wanted to know which gender was better at sharing at the sixth-grade level, so he went to the local middle school to observe groups of children during lunch periods. He did this while making sure that the children were not aware that they were being watched, but the school principal gave him permission for this activity. This is a form of __________.