Author: Anonymous

Explain why water’s high heat of vaporization is important to our bodies. Be sure to include the following: The definition of high heat of vaporization An example of how that process works in our bodies

54. Where exactly are brush border enzymes found? What do they do? 

A preschool-age child is brought to clinic for evaluation of a rash. The Family Nurse Practitioner notes an intense red eruption on the child’s cheeks and circumoral pallor. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parents about this rash?   Correct Answer: Expect a lacy, maculopapular rash to develop on the trunk and extremities. This “slapped cheek” rash is consistent with fifth disease, or erythema infectiosum, and will be followed by a lacy, maculopapular all-over rash. It is not a prodrome of rubella or roseola, and immunizations are not indicated. Although it is mostly benign, there can be serious sequelae, especially for pregnant women.  

A 5-month-old infant who has a 3-day history of cough and rhinorrhea has developed an audible expiratory wheezes and increased coughing. Infant has been afebrile and feeding well.  The infant’s immunizations are up-to-date. The physical exam reveals a respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute, coarse expiratory wheezing, oxygen saturation is 96% on room air and no retractions. What is the recommended treatment for this infant? Correct Answer: Recommend increased fluids and close follow-up. The infant has bronchiolitis and is stable. Increasing fluids and following up closely are indicated as long as oxygen saturations and hydration are normal. Bronchodilator trials are not recommended because of the risk of adverse effects and questionable efficacy. Viral cultures are performed if hospitalization is necessary or when symptoms are severe. Corticosteroid medications are not indicated.

A 3-year-old child is brought to the clinic by a parent who reports that the child refuses to use the right arm after being swung by both arms while playing. The child is sitting with the right arm held slightly flexed and close to the body. There is no swelling or ecchymosis present. What will the nurse practitioner do? Correct Answer: Gently attempt a supination and flexion technique. This is most likely an annular ligament displacement injury, or “nursemaid’s elbow.” The primary provider can attempt to reduce the elbow using either a supination/flexion technique or a pronation technique. Consider maltreatment if recurrent dislocations or other symptoms or signs are present. If this fails after three attempts, immobilization and referral are indicated. Radiologic studies are rarely necessary.

An adolescent who has asthma and severe perennial allergies has poor asthma control in spite of appropriate use of a SABA and a daily high-dose inhaled corticosteroid. What will the Family Nurse Practitioner do next to manage this child’s asthma? Correct Answer: Refer to a pulmonologist Children older than 12 years who have moderate to severe allergy-related asthma and who react to perennial allergens may benefit from omalizumab as a second-line treatment when symptoms are not controlled by ICSs. The FNP should refer children to a pulmonologist for such treatment. Daily oral corticosteroid medications are not recommended because of the adverse effects caused by prolonged use of this route. Anticholinergic medications are generally used for acute exacerbations during in-patient stays or in the ED. A LABA/ICS combination will not produce different results.

The rRNA portion of the Ribosome is considered a _______.

DNA replication can stall as a consequence of the replication machinery encountering hairpin DNA structures that can form due to inverted repeats and palindromic sequences.  When DNA replication stalls, double-strand breaks in the DNA can occur, causing severe genetic and cellular consequences.  Both Werner syndrome (premature onset of age-related phenotypes and cancer) and Bloom syndrome (cancer) are the result of mutations in helicase, an enzyme that unwinds hairpin structures.  Helicase MOST likely breaks which type of bonds in a hairpin?

What is the type of bond between the tRNA and the amino acid it carries?

What RNA molecule is widely used by the engineered CRISPR-Cas system for gene editing?