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Upload a pdf file in this Postlab of the Word document you created that contains “Your Own Data Table and “Your Group Data Table” and the required GRAPHS for the respective data tables.  Use the file below to create a document and then pdf this document to upload here. You should have 2 tables and 2 graphs posted for full points (4 points for each item). Please make sure to upload the file as a pdf, jpg, xlsx, doc or docx.  Any other file type will not be accepted.   Template Word doc: Virtual Heart Rate Activity_Tables and Graphs for PostLab_Spr24_APM.docx

Use what you have learned in this lab along with the Internet (as needed) to answer the following questions. What are the preferred foods of Tiger sharks? List of food items that may include some of the preferred foods of Tiger Sharks (mark “yes” or “no”) snakes  [1] lobsters  [2] small sharks  [3]  bigger sharks  [4] skates  [5] clams  [6] scallops  [7]  rays  [8] porpoises  [9] sea turtles  [10] marine birds  [11] ostriches  [12] marine mammals  [13] eagles  [14] dogs [15] crabs  [16] squids  [17] plankton  [18] bony fish  [19] squirrels  [20] What characteristics do the “preferred food items” you chose have in common? Think and make notes about this so you can answer the Postlab questions.  

Of the two known bacteria that were stained in the in the questions above, which one was Gram positive and which one was Gram negative? E. coli = ________ [1] _________Staph = ________ [2] _________ 

In the picture below, make the correct identification of the Gram stain of Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) cells viewed under the microscope : Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) – The Gram reaction for this bacterium is [1] and the shape of this bacterium is a [2].     

How did you get to the conclusion that the “Unknown Cell” should be classified as you did? Mark ALL that apply: 

The results of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test are reported only as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant. Zone sizes are not reported to physicians. Inferring from the test results for Staphylococcus aureus, the report of the antibiotics tested will serve as the basis for the physician to recommend treatment options for a patient’s infection.   From the above information, check all of the antibiotics that the physician could recommend:  

BONUS [up to 4 points for Q #A and Q #B] – bonus points must be entered by hand for each correct answer. These paragraphs are instructions for you to complete the 2 questions below and to practice. This practice will help you answer questions on how to use the measurements of the diameter of the ZI (mm) and use the Zone Diameter Interpretive Table to determine sensitivity of bacteria to the antibiotics being tested.  The simulation allows you to practice the Kirby-Bauer test interpretation of results. It is not perfect, but may help you visualize what we are learning and help you answer questions in this Module. Working on the steps of the simulator, you can do the measurements and check if you used the Table correctly, then you will be ready for the Lab instructions to complete Pre and Post-labs.  Your task: After you watch the videos you may work on the next assignments and use the simulator  link to virtually practice what you learned about interpreting results of a Kirby-Bauer test. Simulation : https://learn.chm.msu.edu/vibl/vibl/KirbyBauer/KirbyBauer_HTML5Canvas.html Click “Start”, work on the first plate: Learn how to measure the diameter of the Zone of inhibition using the virtual ruler provided.  Click on “Menu” and “Restart” to observe 2 more plates, and get ready to answer question A and B. Answer the Questions below (A and B):

In the space below, please provide examples from the discussion that show a quality claim, procedure, result 1, result 2 and conclusion.  You may pull directly from a classmates, but be sure to cite your source.    (Claim:…. (John Doe, accessed Feb 2, 2023); Procedure: … (Jane Smith, accessed Feb 2, 2023), etc).    If you can’t find a quality example of each you may reword examples until you think it meets the requirements.  Make sure you use the rubric to help guide your answers.  If you upload make sure it is a doc, docx, jpg, or pdf.

If you inoculated a plate with a thin uniform layer of the bacterium tested Staphylococcus aureus, tested against Penicillin (P10), and the zone of inhibition measured 16 mm, what would you conclude about the effectiveness of this antimicrobial in controlling the bacterium? (Use the ‘Zone Diameter Interpretive Table’).  The Z.I. measuring 16 mm for S. aureus, according to the Table, would signify this bacterium is _ _ _ _ _ to Penicillin.

The Kirby-Bauer test is set up on a [a] containing appropriate agar (medium) where, by using a [b], bacterial broth is spread on the surface of the agar in a [c] motion to make an [d] coverage. Then, antibiotic disks are placed on the inoculated plate and incubated overnight. Next, where bacteria did not grow, the [e] of the Zone of inhibition is measured in ‘mm’ (metric system) and compared to the ‘Zone Diameter Interpretive Table’ to determine if bacterium tested is [f], intermediate or resistant.