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Electro-neurophysiology question part 1 of 4: If a patient is taking a medication that selectively blocks/antagonizes certain potassium channels (which can be prescribed for epilepsy and, as you’ll learn in the next unit, for what are called cardiac arrhythmias/dysrhythmias), but their sodium channels are still functioning normally, then for the tissues targeted by the drug, hypothesize how action potentials would be affected here based on what you know about the phases of an action potential.

True or False? Sensorineural deafness most often indicates an assistive device called a hearing aid, which increases the volume of the sounds you hear.

Electro-neurophysiology question part 4 of 4: Interestingly, it is indeed still possible to produce an action potential in neurons of a patient taking potassium channel blocker medications. In this case, the undershoot would be

True or False: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AKA Lou Gehrig’s disease or motor neuron disease, is similar to Parkinson’s disease in that they both are a result of the autoimmune loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra, thereby affecting the basal nuclei. 

During the depolarizing phase of an action potential (i.e., moving away from a resting membrane potential difference of -70mV), sodium ion voltage-gated channels open and sodium will move down/with both its electrical and chemical gradient, while at the peak of an action potential (i.e., at the overshoot of +30mV), potassium ion voltage-gated channels, which initially only weakly open at depolarization, will now be strongly opened, and thus potassium will:

The recordings of an EEG (electroencephalogram) show that the deepest sleep occurs during the first three hours by uniquely displaying the following slow wave patterns which are not generally seen during the rest of the cycle:

The first structure of the eye light goes through is the:

Survival and regeneration of injured axons in the CNS is unlikely because oligodendrocytes do not form regeneration tubes like Schwann cells and because:

A cell’s resting membrane potential is due to:

*Large points here (7) so be complete* You knew this was coming, here we go: Per the summary map and navigator of chapter 12, provide a sequential step-by-step description of the following interrelated processes (for each write about 4-6 clear logical bullet-list sentences, so about 12-18 in total): a) Specific events at the synapse-like space called the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) including events on both the presynaptic and postsynaptic side starting with an action potential arriving at the synaptic end bulb of a somatic motor neurons and ending at development of a muscle action potential (include the neurotransmitter involved, voltage-gated channel types, ligand-gated/receptor-channel types and action upon neurotransmitter binding, degradation enzyme, and endplate potential generation). 3 pts b) Specific events of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling leading to SR calcium release the contraction (crossbridge) cycle as explained by the sliding filament theory followed by the relaxation process (include all muscle fiber structures involved). 3 pts c) Describe, in the correct order of events, all the individual detailed specifics that lead to rigor mortis, AKA postmortem rigidity, and what ends the process (make sure to include all sites in the contractile cycle that are affected). 1 pts