Author: Anonymous

Option 1: Christopher Columbus Essay Prompt: Admiration and Exploitation In his account of his first voyage, Christopher Columbus frequently describes the Indigenous people he encounters in positive terms. He comments on their generosity, appearance, intelligence, and willingness to interact with the Europeans. At the same time, he repeatedly considers how the people and lands he encounters might benefit Spain through conversion, control, labor, and wealth. Analyze this contradiction in Columbus’s account. What does the way Columbus describes Indigenous people reveal about his larger purpose and perspective? Develop a clear, arguable thesis and support your interpretation with at least two direct quotations from the passages below. Source Text: Christopher Columbus, Journal of the First Voyage October 11–12, 1492 After reaching an island in the Caribbean, Columbus describes his first extended interactions with the people who live there: They should be good servants and of quick intelligence, since I see that they very soon say all that is said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians, for it appeared to me that they had no religion. Columbus describes exchanging small European objects for items offered by the islanders: They came to the ship in boats, made of a single trunk of a tree, wrought in a wonderful manner considering the country. Some are large, containing forty or forty-five men, others smaller, and some only large enough to hold one man. They row with a paddle like a baker’s shovel, and go at a marvellous rate. He also comments repeatedly on their willingness to give away what they possess: They brought skeins of cotton, parrots, darts, and other small things which it would be tedious to recount, and they gave all in exchange for anything that might be given to them. Columbus says that he prevented his sailors from taking advantage of this willingness to trade: I forbade it, because I wished to give many things without receiving anything in return. But his explanation reveals another purpose: This I did that they might be more easily freed and converted to our holy faith by love than by force. October 13, 1492 Columbus quickly becomes interested in the gold worn by some of the people he encounters: I was attentive and took trouble to ascertain if there was gold. I saw that some of them had a small piece fastened in a hole they have in the nose, and by signs I was able to make out that to the south, or going from the island to the south, there was a king who had great cups full, and who possessed a great quantity. He again comments favorably on the people: The people are very docile, and for the longing to possess our things, and not having anything to give in return, they take what they can get and presently swim away. He nevertheless begins evaluating them in terms of what Spain might accomplish: With fifty men they can all be subjugated and made to do what is required of them. October 14, 1492 As Columbus continues exploring, he again considers the possibility of Spanish control: These people are very simple as regards the use of arms, as your Highnesses will see from the seven that I caused to be taken, to bring home and learn our language and return; unless your Highnesses should order them all to be brought to Castile, or to be kept as captives on the same island. He adds: With fifty men they can all be subjugated and made to do what is required of them. Later in the Voyage As Columbus continues through the Caribbean, his descriptions repeatedly combine admiration with an assessment of the economic and religious possibilities of the lands he encounters. He describes the inhabitants as generous: They are so ingenuous and free with all they have, that no one would believe it who has not seen it. Of anything they possess, if it be asked of them, they never say no; on the contrary, they invite you to share it. He also praises the land itself: There are palm trees of six or eight kinds, wonderful in their beautiful variety; but this is the case with all the other trees and fruits and grasses. There are wonderful pine groves, and very extensive plains. Yet Columbus continually searches for information about gold and other valuable resources and considers what the newly encountered territories can provide Spain. Near the conclusion of his account, he summarizes the possibilities offered by the voyage: Their Highnesses may see that I shall give them as much gold as they need, with very little assistance which their Highnesses will give me; spices and cotton, as much as their Highnesses shall command to be shipped; and mastic, as much as their Highnesses shall order to be shipped. He continues his list with other commodities and resources, including: slaves, as many as they shall order to be shipped. MLA In-Text Citation: When quoting from the Columbus passages above, use (Columbus). Source: Christopher Columbus, The Journal of Christopher Columbus (During His First Voyage, 1492–93), translated by Clements R. Markham, Hakluyt Society, 1893. Option 2: William Bradford Essay Prompt: Seeing God’s Hand in History William Bradford does more than record what happened to the Plymouth colonists. Again and again, he interprets events through his belief in divine providence—the belief that God actively directs human events according to a divine purpose. Analyze how Bradford’s belief in divine providence shapes the way he tells the story of Plymouth Colony. How does his religious worldview affect the meaning he gives to survival, suffering, and unexpected assistance? Develop a clear, arguable thesis and support your interpretation with at least two direct quotations from the passages below. Source Text: William Bradford, Of Plimoth Plantation Bradford’s original spelling has been retained in these excerpts. John Howland Survives the Storm During the Mayflower voyage, a young passenger named John Howland is swept overboard during a violent storm: In sundrie of these stormes the winds were so feirce, and the seas so high, as they could not beare a knote of saile, but were forced to hull, for diverce days togither. During one of these storms: A lustie yonge man (called John Howland) coming upon some occasion above the grattings, was, with a seele of the shipe, throwne into the sea. Howland sinks beneath the water, but manages to grab a rope: Yet he held his hould (though he was sundrie fadomes under water) till he was hald up by the same rope to the brime of the water. The crew eventually pulls him aboard. Bradford does not describe the event merely as good luck: Yet he lived many years after, and became a profitable member both in church and comone wealthe. Bradford places such survivals within a larger pattern of divine protection during the voyage. The First Winter The colonists’ first winter in Plymouth is devastating. Bradford records that disease spreads rapidly: But that which was most sadd & lamentable was, that in 2. or 3. moneths time halfe of their company dyed, some-times 2. or 3. of a day, in the foresaid time; that of 100. & odd persons, scarce 50. remained. Only a small number remain healthy enough to care for everyone else: In these hard & difficulte beginings they found some discontents & murmurings arise amongst some, and mutinous speeches & carriags in other; but they were soone quelled & overcome by the wisdome, patience, and just & equall carrage of things by the Govr and better part, which clave faithfull togeather in the maine. Bradford especially praises those who care for the sick: In the time of most distres, ther was but 6. or 7. sound persons, who, to their great comendations be it spoken, spared no pains, night nor day, but with abundance of toyle and hazard of their owne health, fetched them woode, made them fires, drest them meat, made their beads, washed their loathsome cloaths, cloathed & uncloathed them. He interprets their behavior morally and spiritually: And all this willingly & cherfully, without any grudging in the least, shewing herein their true love unto their freinds & bretheren. The Arrival of Samoset and Squanto After surviving the winter, the colonists unexpectedly encounter Indigenous men who can communicate with them. Bradford describes the arrival of Samoset: About the 16. of March a certaine Indian came bouldly amongst them, and spoke to them in broken English, which they could well understand, but marvelled at it. Samoset later introduces them to Squanto, who speaks English more fluently: After these things he returned to his place called Sowams, some 40. mile from this place, but Squanto continued with them, and was their interpreter, and was a spetiall instrument sent of God for their good beyond their expectation. Bradford then explains why Squanto is so important: He directed them how to set their corne, wher to take fish, and to procure other comodities, and was also their pilott to bring them to unknowne places for their profitt, and never left them till he dyed. For Bradford, Squanto’s assistance is therefore more than a fortunate historical circumstance. He explicitly interprets Squanto as an “instrument sent of God.” Looking Back on Their Survival Bradford repeatedly asks his readers to view the colonists’ experiences through a religious lens. Their journey includes storms, sickness, hunger, death, and uncertainty, but it also includes unexpected survival and assistance. When describing their arrival in an unfamiliar land after the Atlantic crossing, Bradford asks: What could now sustaine them but the spirite of God & his grace? The question reveals the perspective that shapes his history. The colonists’ survival is not simply the result of human effort or chance. Bradford sees their experience as part of a larger spiritual story. MLA In-Text Citation: When quoting from the Bradford passages above, use (Bradford). Source: William Bradford, Bradford’s History “Of Plimoth Plantation”: From the Original Manuscript, Wright & Potter Printing Co., 1898.

What does nostos mean?

How does Athena first approach Telemachus in Book 1?

Answer the question for the ONE book you selected. Write approximately 200–300 words. Your response must use at least three specific details from the book, including characters, actions, decisions, obstacles, or consequences. General plot summaries will not receive full credit. You do not need to quote the text. Book 5: CalypsoOdysseus finally leaves Calypso’s island, but leaving does not mean his problems are over. Explain how Odysseus is able to leave the island and what happens to him afterward. In your response, discuss Calypso’s reaction to his departure, what Odysseus must do to prepare for his journey, and at least one major problem he faces once he is back at sea. What does this book show us about what Odysseus wants most at this point in the story? Book 9: CyclopsRetell and analyze Odysseus’s encounter with Polyphemus the Cyclops. Explain how Odysseus and his men become trapped, the plan Odysseus uses to escape, and what happens after they leave the cave. Include at least three specific details from the episode. Finally, explain how one decision Odysseus makes after escaping creates a new problem for him. Book 10: CirceOdysseus’s men encounter several dangers in Book 10, including Circe. Explain what happens when Odysseus’s men first arrive at Circe’s home, what happens to them there, and how Odysseus responds. Include the role of at least one god or supernatural force in what happens. Then explain how Odysseus’s situation with Circe changes by the end of the episode and what he learns he must do next. Book 12: Sirens, Scylla, and CharybdisOdysseus faces several dangers in Book 12, and he cannot handle all of them in the same way. Explain what Odysseus and his crew do when they encounter the Sirens, then explain what happens when they face Scylla and Charybdis. Include at least three specific details about the instructions, preparations, or consequences involved. Finally, explain why Odysseus is able to prepare his crew fully for one danger but not the other.

What does xenia describe in The Odyssey?

Which of the following was discussed in class as a positive health outcome that is associated with increasing access to public parks? 

A sample of carbon dioxide is at its triple point. What change needs to occur to unequivocally produce only the solid phase.

Remember to do the learning action assignment today.

A PTA is treating a hospitalized patient who reports using the restroom more frequently than usual and experiencing dysuria. Which laboratory test would be most appropriate for evaluating the suspected condition?

A PTA is treating two patients in the rehabilitation gym. During their sessions, both patients use shared therapy equipment, including rolling walkers and exercise weights. Which action is most appropriate to maintain standard precautions and prevent transmission of infection between patients?