Author: Anonymous

The respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) develops as an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the foregut. As a result, the cartilaginous, muscular, and connective tissue components of the trachea and lungs are derived from what source?

A 10-day old infant presents to his pediatrician for a regularly scheduled well-child check with increased work of breathing and respiratory distress. On physical exam, the infant was found to have decreased breath sounds on one side of his chest. His physician ordered a chest x-ray that showed a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. What side of the chest was most likely found to have reduced breath sounds, and what is the embryologic origin of the tissues that failed to form correctly in this infant in-utero?

A 65-year-old man undergoes lung cancer screening. What Lung-RADS category would he receive?  

Identify the structure at the tip of the black arrow.  

A newborn boy has difficulty breathing and requires intubation. However, the tracheal tube keeps slipping from the airway to the esophagus. What embryologic issue has led to this problem?

Identify the muscle fibers at the tip of the black arrow.  

Which of the following is not involved in the formation of the highlighted structure?  

A 50-year-old woman with a 40 pack-year smoking history presents with two days of increasing cough and shortness of breath. She has two grandchildren that are visiting and both came down with “colds” prior to her developing symptoms. On exam, she has mild expiratory wheezes over both lower lobes posteriorly, hyper-resonance to percussion over all lung fields, and decreased tactile fremitus. There is no egophony present in any lung felids. Which of the following is most likely causing the patients symptoms?

A 1-day-old girl with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has severe respiratory distress and requires Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Which of the following is the reason(s) for this?

A 65-year-old man with diabetes and systolic heart failure presents with five days of worsening shortness of breath, increased swelling in his legs, and difficulty lying flat. He has also noticed a 10-pound weight gain over the past week. Which of the following exam findings would suggest pulmonary edema as the cause of his shortness of breath?