Author: Anonymous

A patient has long-standing, poorly controlled hypertension. The patient has no symptoms of uremia. The lab data are below. Similar data are observed 6 months later. What is the correct assessment of the patient’s renal function? 

Which one of the following groups contains ONLY drugs that are potassium-sparing diuretics that may be used in combination with other diuretics to minimize hypokalemia? 

What disease matches the following description: (1) proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells and expansion of the mesangial matrix (2) thickening of the peripheral capillary walls by subendothelial immune deposits and (3) mesangial interposition into the capillary wall with the formation of double-contouring by light microscopy (silver stains).

What is the most commonly recommended anti-hypertensive medication (or group of mediations) for use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Given the following set of laboratory values in an obtunded, febrile patient, what is their correct interpretation? 

A child presents with low normal blood pressure, hypokalemia, alkalosis and failure to thrive. Loss-of-function mutations in which of the following proteins would not cause this phenotype?

A 58 year old woman presents with pitting edema of the lower extremities, a glove-and-stocking peripheral neuropathy, decreased visual acuity (with retinopathy), and the nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy is performed. Based on the light microscopic image (silver stain) and history, what is the most likely diagnosis? 

An 82 year-old female presents with pulmonary cavitary lesions on x-ray, necrotizing granulomatous inflammation on biopsy of an oral mucosal lesion and rapidly progressive renal failure. There is no eosinophilia or asthma. Which one of the following lab findings most supports the diagnosis based on the patient’s clinical description?

A patient presents with decreased visual acuity, increasing peripheral edema and decreased renal function. A renal biopsy is performed. The biopsy finding shown (PAS stain image) is most consistent with which of the following patient histories? 

A 45 year old African American woman has chronic kidney disease secondary to lupus nephritis. Her kidney function deteriorated slowly over the past 7 years and currently she has stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Today in the clinic her blood pressure was elevated (175/80 mmHg) and she was significantly volume overloaded with respiratory compromise. Which one of the following therapies is NOT appropriate in the management of her case?