Case study #3 Dental caries (dental decay) is the result of…

Case study #3 Dental caries (dental decay) is the result of solubilization (dissolving) of tooth enamel by acid. The microbes associated with cavities, usually the Gram-positive Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species living in biofilms as plaque, produce organic acids as the waste product of a specific metabolic pathway. Regular tooth brushing and chewing gum after meals, which increases saliva production, and are the two leading methods that can be preformed daily to prevent tooth decay.   Choose all that apply: How do the microbes living as plaque differ from their free-living forms?

Case study #3 Dental caries (dental decay) is the result of…

Case study #3 Dental caries (dental decay) is the result of solubilization (dissolving) of tooth enamel by acid. The microbes associated with cavities, usually the Gram-positive Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species living in biofilms as plaque, produce organic acids as the waste product of a specific metabolic pathway. Regular tooth brushing and chewing gum after meals, which increases saliva production, and are the two leading methods that can be preformed daily to prevent tooth decay.   Choose all that apply: How do the microbes living as plaque differ from their free-living forms?

Case study #5 Listeria monocytogenes is a chemoheterotrophic…

Case study #5 Listeria monocytogenes is a chemoheterotrophic facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that can act as a human pathogen or as a saprobe, depending on its environment. This bacillus-shaped cell is motile, moving with peritrichous flagella. This bacterium has a high salt tolerance and can multiply readily at 4 oC (refrigerator temperatures). L. monocytogenes is part of the normal gut microbiota of many farm animals, including cows. Deli meats, hot dogs, and unpasteurized cheese and milk are likely sources of this pathogen. Many antibiotics can be used to treat infection with L. monocytogenes, including drugs that target peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria, and folic acid biosynthesis.   While L. monocytogenes can survive hypertonic environments, most other bacterial cells in this environment will undergo

Case study #5 Listeria monocytogenes is a chemoheterotrophic…

Case study #5 Listeria monocytogenes is a chemoheterotrophic facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that can act as a human pathogen or as a saprobe, depending on its environment. This bacillus-shaped cell is motile, moving with peritrichous flagella. This bacterium has a high salt tolerance and can multiply readily at 4 oC (refrigerator temperatures). L. monocytogenes is part of the normal gut microbiota of many farm animals, including cows. Deli meats, hot dogs, and unpasteurized cheese and milk are likely sources of this pathogen. Many antibiotics can be used to treat infection with L. monocytogenes, including drugs that target peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria, and folic acid biosynthesis.   While L. monocytogenes can survive hypertonic environments, most other bacterial cells in this environment will undergo

Case study #4 Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent cau…

Case study #4 Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent causative agent of malaria. This parasite has a trophozoite form that must undergo a life cycle within the gut of the female Anopheles mosquito to be naturally transmitted to the next host. The parasite also has separate trophozoite forms in the liver and blood of humans. If the malaria parasite is introduced into a pregnant woman, it can cross the placental barrier and infect the developing fetus. People at increased risk for malaria infection are children under 5 years old, pregnant women, and people with AIDS (active HIV infection).   True/False: Chloramphenicol, which binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, would be effective at treating a P. falciparum infection.

According to Vignette R, MLB, Teams Sue Insurers to Recoup P…

According to Vignette R, MLB, Teams Sue Insurers to Recoup Pandemic Losses, MLB teams are currently suing their insurance companies for approximately ___ the amount of revenue lost due to cancelled games during the 2020 season as a result of the Covid Pandemic.