Author: Anonymous

Using the PTA data:15, 20, 25, 30, 20, 35, 40, 25, 20, 30, 45, 25, 20, 35, 50, 30, 25, 20, 40, 30calculate:  Range

A researcher obtains ethical approval for a study. Six months later, the researcher changes the questionnaire substantially by adding several new questions about participants’ mental health but continues data collection without informing the Research Ethics Committee. Explain why this could be an ethical concern and state what the researcher should do.      

A researcher compares the mean hearing thresholds of male and female participants. Assuming the data meet the relevant assumptions, which statistical test is most appropriate for your analysis?

How does reliability differ fundamentally from validity in quantitative research?

Which statement best defines biostatistics?

When designing an informed consent protocol for a community with varied literacy levels, which strategy best satisfies core ethical requirements?     

A researcher wishes to determine whether there is an association between gender and the presence or absence of hearing loss. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

A multidisciplinary research team at a public hospital conducted a study to investigate the relationship between hearing status and speech-language performance among children aged 6–10 years referred to the Audiology and Speech-Language Therapy departments. A total of 20 children participated in the study. Each child underwent:Pure-tone audiometry, from which a Pure Tone Average (PTA) was calculated.A standardised speech-language assessment, from which a Speech-Language Score (SLS) was obtained.Classification according to hearing status.Collection of demographic information.The researcher wants to determine whether children with poorer hearing thresholds also demonstrate poorer speech-language performance.The PTA scores obtained were: 15, 20, 25, 30, 20, 35, 40, 25, 20, 30, 45, 25, 20, 35, 50, 30, 25, 20, 40, 30.Categorise the following variables into either categorical or numerical:          a. PTAb. Speech-Language Scorec. Aged. Hearing statuse. Sex

A researcher wishes to determine whether there is an association between gender and the presence or absence of hearing loss. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

A researcher wants to ensure that participants are selected fairly and that no particular group is unfairly excluded or exploited. Which ethical principle is most directly involved?