Author: Anonymous

Fungal pathogens rarely cause respiratory infection in healthy individuals, but inhalation of fungal spores can cause severe pneumonia and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients.

Bacterial meningitis is a severe bacterial infection of the central nervous system. Symptoms include fever, neck stiffness, headache, confusion, and convulsions, which can lead to coma and death.

Erythrocytes are heavily involved in immunity and are categorized as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, or monocytes

Microbes that reproduce via binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction, follow a very predictable pattern of growth in a closed system characterized by four phases – (1) lag, (2) logarithmic or exponential, (3) stationary, and (4) death

When choosing a microbial control protocol, key factors to consider first are the type and basic biology of the microbe targeted, the objective of control (i.e., complete eradication or just simple reduction below levels that cause harm), and the microbes susceptibility to various protocols

Non-infectious diseases are caused by genetic, physiological, environmental, and or behavioral factors. They are not caused by a pathogen

Live attenuated and inactivated vaccines contain whole pathogens that are weak, killed, or inactivated, while subunit vaccines, toxoid vaccines, and conjugate vaccines contain acellular components with antigens

There are pros, cons, and tradeoffs for different physical and chemical methods of microbial control. As such, a combination of methods is often required to achieve a desired microbial state on and in the body and on surfaces

The minimum, maximum, and optimum concentrations or measures of an environmental factor refers to the range within which a microorganism best tolerates that condition. An optimum value is the one that promotes the fastest and largest population growth

Physical or chemical methods to control microbial growth that result in death of the microbe are indicated by the suffixes -stat or -static, whereas those that simply inhibit microbial growth are indicated by the suffixes -cide or –cidal